The South China Sea, located in tropical and subtropical waters, is the largest sea area in China. Coral reefs are one of the most distinctive and important ecosystems in the South China Sea and are known as the “tropical rainforest in the ocean” due to their high biodiversity. Since 2018, our research team has been continuously conducting fishery resource surveys in the waters near the islands and reefs of the South China Sea, particularly in coral reef areas, including the Wanshan Archipelago in the Zhujiang Estuary, China, the Xuwen Coral Reef area in Guangdong Province, the Lingshui Coral Reef area in Hainan Island, the Xisha Islands, and the Meiji Reef in Nansha, where more than 300 images of otoliths from various island reef fish species have been collected and compiled.
Otoliths are calcium deposits in the inner ear of fishes, primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Due to their stable ring patterns, structure, and chemical composition during formation, otoliths record abundant biological, physical, and chemical environmental information, making them widely used in studies of fish life history, life history reconstruction, and marine environmental changes. Otolith morphology is determined by both genetic and environmental factors and is species-specific, making them useful for species identification. The otolith atlases collected and compiled in this book provide fundamental data for research on island and reef fish in the South China Sea. Additionally, this book marks the collection location of each otolith, serving as a valuable tool for fish biogeography.
This book was edited and published with support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0900803, 2019YFD0901204, 2019YFD0901201), the Special Financial Program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (NFZX2021), the Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province (2019B030302004-05), the Innovation Team Project of the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (322CXTD530), the Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B1515120065), the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program (2019B121201001), the Talent Team Introduction Major Program of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0605), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (2020TD16), and the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (2021SD04, 2019TS28), etc.
Anguilliformes...................................................................................................................1
Congridae..................................................................................................................... 2
Ariosoma anagoides (Bleeker, 1853)........................................................................ 2
Muraenidae.................................................................................................................. 2
Gymnothorax albimarginatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)...................................2
Gymnothorax chilospilus (Bleeker, 1864).................................................................3
Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789)...............................................................................3
Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845)..........................................................4
Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832)................................................................. 4
Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepede, 1803)............................................................... 5
Gymnothorax javanicus (Bleeker, 1859)...................................................................6
Ophichthidae................................................................................................................7
Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848).......................................................... 7
Aulopiformes..................................................................................................................... 9
Synodontidae..............................................................................................................10
Saurida nebulosa (Valenciennes, 1850)...................................................................10
Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) ................................................................................. 11
Saurida elongata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) ....................................................12
Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) ............................................................... 12
Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822) .................................................................... 13
Beloniformes....................................................................................................................15
Belonidae.................................................................................................................... 16
Tylosurus acus subsp.melanotus (Bleeker, 1850)....................................................16
Tylosurus crocodilus subsp. crocodilus (Peron & Lesueur, 1821) ......................... 17
Hemiramphidae......................................................................................................... 18
Hyporhamphus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1847)................................................... 18
Beryciformes....................................................................................................................19
Holocentridae.............................................................................................................20
Neoniphon opercularis (Valenciennes, 1831)..........................................................20
Neoniphon sammara (Forsskål, 1775).....................................................................21
Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål, 1775).............................................................. 22
Sargocentron punctatissimum (Cuvier, 1829)......................................................... 23
Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838)...................................................... 24
Myripristis vittata (Valenciennes, 1831)..................................................................25
Sargocentron tiere (Cuvier, 1829)........................................................................... 26
Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838)...................................................... 26
Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775)....................................................................27
Sargocentron melanospilos (Bleeker, 1858)............................................................27
Myripristis violacea (Bleeker, 1851)....................................................................... 28
Myripristis kuntee (Valenciennes, 1831).................................................................29
Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède, 1802)................................................................ 30
Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål, 1775)......................................................................31
Clupeiformes................................................................................................................... 33
Chirocentridae........................................................................................................... 34
Chirocentrus dorab (Forsskål, 1775)....................................................................... 34
Pristigasteridae.......................................................................................................... 35
Ilisha elongata (Bennett, 1830)................................................................................35
Clupeidae....................................................................................................................36
Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795)............................................................................. 36
Konosirus punctatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)...............................................36
Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758)......................................................................37
Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854)............................................................................38
Engraulidae................................................................................................................ 39
Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)...............................................................................39
Thryssamystax (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).............................................................40
Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849).....................................................................41
Stolephorus chinensis (Günther, 1880)....................................................................42
Thryssa hamiltonii (Gray, 1835)..............................................................................43
Gasterosteiformes............................................................................................................45
Aulostomidae..............................................................................................................46
Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766)..................................................................46
Mugiliformes................................................................................................................... 47
Mugilidae....................................................................................................................48
Oedalechilus labiosus (Valenciennes, 1836)........................................................... 48
Osteomugil ophuyseni (Bleeker, 1858)................................................................... 49
Perciformes......................................................................................................................51
Acanthuridae..............................................................................................................52
Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758).....................................................................52
Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch, 1795).............................................................................53
Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)..................................................... 54
Ctenochaetus binotatus (Randall, 1955)..................................................................55
Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758)..................................................................56
Acanthurus olivaceus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).................................................. 57
Acanthurus nigricauda (Duncker & Mohr, 1929 )...................................................58
Acanthurus glaucopareius (Cuvier, 1829)............................................................... 59
Acanthurus pyroferus (Kittlitz, 1834)..................................................................... 60
Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829)........................................................................... 61
Naso lituratus (Forster, 1801)..................................................................................62
Naso unicornis (Forsskål, 1775)..............................................................................63
Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829)............................................................................. 64
Naso thynnoides (Cuvier, 1829)..............................................................................65
Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855).......................................................................... 66
Naso vlamingii (Valenciennes, 1835)......................................................................67
Acanthurus guttatus (Forster, 1801)........................................................................ 68
Acanthurus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835)......................................................... 68
Apogonidae.................................................................................................................69
Pristiapogon kallopterus (Bleeker, 1856)................................................................ 69
Apogon ellioti (Day, 1875)......................................................................................69
Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède, 1802)............................................................70
Nectamiafusca (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)................................................................71
Ostorhinchus fleurieu (Lacepède, 1802)................................................................. 72
Apogon doederleini (Jordan & Snyder, 1901).........................................................73
Ostorhinchus lateralis (Valenciennes, 1832)........................................................... 74
Lactariidae................................................................................................................. 74
Lactarius lactarius (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)........................................................74
Blenniidae...................................................................................................................75
Exallias brevis (Kner, 1868)....................................................................................75
Callionymidae............................................................................................................ 76
Callionymus koreanus (Nakabo, Jeon & Li, 1987)................................................. 76
Carangidae................................................................................................................. 77
Scomberoides commersonnianus (Lacepède, 1801)............................................... 77
Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål, 1775).......................................................................78
Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède, 1801)...................................................................78
Alectis indica (Rüppell, 1830).................................................................................79
Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833)....................................................................................... 79
Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793)....................................................................................80
Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758)...................................................................... 81
Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795)........................................................................ 82
Carangoides armatus (Rüppell, 1830)..................................................................... 83
Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833)........................................................................84
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)............................................... 85
Caranx sexfasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)........................................................86
Chaetodontidae.......................................................................................................... 87
Chaetodon ephippium (Cuvier, 1831)..................................................................... 87
Chaetodon unimaculatus (Bloch, 1787).................................................................. 88
Chaetodon auripes (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)...........................................................89
Chaetodon trifascialis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).................................................... 90
Chaetodon auriga (Forsskål, 1775)..........................................................................91
Chaetodon rafflesii (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)................................................. 92
Chaetodon wiebeli (Kaup, 1863).............................................................................93
Chaetodon ornatissimus (Cuvier, 1831).................................................................. 94
Chaetodon lineolatus (Cuvier, 1831).......................................................................95
Chaetodon melannotus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)................................................ 96
Chaetodon xanthurus (Bleeker, 1857)..................................................................... 97
Chaetodon speculum (Cuvier, 1831)....................................................................... 98
Chaetodon madagaskariensis (Ahl, 1923)...............................................................98
Chaetodon plebeius (Cuvier, 1831)......................................................................... 99
Chaetodon citrinellus (Cuvier, 1831)...................................................................... 99
Chaetodon trifasciatus (Park, 1797)...................................................................... 100
Chaetodon vagabundus (Linnaeus, 1758)............................................................. 101
Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède, 1802)......................................................................102
Chaetodon kleinii (Bloch, 1790)........................................................................... 103
Hemitaurichthys polylepis (Bleeker, 1857)...........................................................104
Heniochus chrysostomus (Cuvier, 1831)...............................................................105
Heniochus singularius (Smith & Radcliffe, 1911)................................................ 106
Forcipiger flavissimus (Jordan & McGregor, 1898)............................................. 107
Chaetodon ulietensis (Cuvier, 1831)..................................................................... 108
Chaetodon falcula (Bloch, 1795)...........................................................................108
Chaetodon modestus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)............................................ 109
Pomacanthidae.........................................................................................................109
Centropyge heraldi (Woods & Schultz, 1953).......................................................109
Centropyge vrolikii (Bleeker, 1853)......................................................................110
Pygoplites diacanthus (Boddaert, 1772)................................................................ 111
Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831)......................................................... 112
Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787).................................................................. 113
Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier, 1831)..........................................................114
Zanclidae.................................................................................................................. 115
Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758)........................................................................115
Cirrhitidae................................................................................................................ 117
Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider, 1801)................................................................. 116
Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Forster, 1801)...................................................................... 117
Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier, 1829)...................................................................... 118
Pinguipedidae...........................................................................................................118
Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier, 1829).................................................................118
Parapercis pacifica (Imamura & Yoshino, 2007).................................................. 119
Haemulidae.............................................................................................................. 120
Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides (Lacepède, 1801).................................................120
Plectorhinchus diagrammus(Linnaeus, 1758)....................................................... 121
Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758).............................................................. 122
Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier, 1830)......................................................123
Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)......................................... 123
Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)..............................................................124
Hapalogenys analis (Richardson, 1845)................................................................ 125
Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792)...................................................................126
Kyphosidae...............................................................................................................126
Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier, 1831).................................................................. 126
Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).................................................... 127
Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775)................................................................ 128
Labridae................................................................................................................... 129
Cheilinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1791)..........................................................................129
Cheilinus trilobatus (Lacepède, 1801)...................................................................130
Oxycheilinus celebicus (Bleeker, 1853)................................................................131
Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791)................................................................132
Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792)................................................................... 133
Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch, 1791)...................................................................... 134
Oxycheilinus digramma (Lacepède, 1801)............................................................134
Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepède, 1801)............................................................ 135
Pteragogus enneacanthus (Bleeker, 1853).............................................................135
Gomphosus varius (Lacepède, 1801).................................................................... 136
Coris gaimard (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)...............................................................137
Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770)..........................................................................138
Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)..............................................139
Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepède, 1801)....................................................... 140
Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède, 1801)............................................................. 140
Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)..............................................141
Parajulis poecilepterus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)......................................... 141
Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)................................................................ 142
Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål, 1775).............................................................. 142
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (Streets, 1877)............................................................. 143
Stethojulis interrupta (Bleeker, 1851)....................................................................144
Lethrinidae...............................................................................................................145
Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775)............................................................... 145
Lethrinus rubrioperculatus (Sato, 1978)................................................................146
Lethrinus xanthochilus (Klunzinger, 1870)...........................................................147
Lethrinus erythropterus (Valenciennes, 1830).......................................................148
Lethrinus variegatus (Valenciennes, 1830)............................................................149
Lethrinus mahsena (Forsskål, 1775)......................................................................150
Lethrinus obsoletus (Forsskål, 1775).................................................................... 151
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)....................................................................152
Lethrinus atkinsoni (Seale, 1910)..........................................................................152
Lethrinus olivaceus (Valenciennes, 1830).............................................................153
Lethrinus microdon(Valenciennes, 1830)..............................................................154
Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacepède, 1802)..................................................... 155
Lutjanidae................................................................................................................ 156
Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775)........................................................................ 156
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775)............................................................................157
Macolor niger (Forsskål, 1775)............................................................................. 158
Lutjanus fulvus (Forster, 1801)............................................................................. 158
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775).......................................................................... 159
Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775)................................................................. 160
Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849)..........................................................................161
Aphareus furca (Lacepède, 1801)..........................................................................162
Mullidae....................................................................................................................162
Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker, 1854)..................................................................... 162
Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepède, 1801)..............................................................163
Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)............................................164
Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1831).............................................................165
Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803)..........................................................................166
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801)...........................................................167
Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacepède, 1801)............................................................. 168
Parupeneus forsskali (Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1976).............................................. 169
Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855) ................................................................. 170
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831)............................................... 171
Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède, 1802)................................................................... 172
Nemipteridae............................................................................................................172
Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch, 1793)..........................................................................172
Scolopsis affinis (Peters, 1877)............................................................................. 173
Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792)...........................................................................173
Scolopsis trilineata (Kner, 1868)........................................................................... 174
Scolopsis lineata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824).......................................................... 175
Pentapodus caninus (Cuvier, 1830)....................................................................... 176
Pempheridae............................................................................................................ 177
Pempheris oualensis (Cuvier, 1831)......................................................................177
Pomacentridae......................................................................................................... 178
Abudefdufvaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).................................................... 178
Amblyglyphidodon curacao (Bloch, 1787)........................................................... 179
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier, 1830)........................................................... 180
Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829)................................................................ 180
Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787)...................................................................181
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon (Bleeker, 1852)............................................... 181
Pomacentrus alexanderae (Evermann & Seale, 1907)...........................................182
Pomacentrus philippinus (Evermann & Seale, 1907)............................................182
Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856)..................................................................... 183
Dischistodus prosopotaenia (Bleeker, 1852)......................................................... 184
Chrysiptera biocellata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).................................................. 185
Pomacentrus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1853)............................................................185
Stegastes lividus (Forster, 1801)............................................................................186
Amphiprion frenatus (Brevoort, 1856)..................................................................186
Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856).........................................................187
Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830)...................................................................... 188
Amphiprion bicinctus (Rüppell, 1830)..................................................................189
Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758)......................................................................189
Priacanthidae........................................................................................................... 190
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801)................................................... 190
Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål, 1775).....................................................................191
Scaridae.................................................................................................................... 192
Scarus forsteni (Bleeker, 1861)............................................................................. 192
Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861)........................................................................... 193
Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840)........................................................... 194
Scarus niger (Forsskål, 1775)................................................................................ 195
Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854).................................................................196
Hipposcarus longiceps (Valenciennes, 1840)........................................................ 197
Calotomus japonicus (Valenciennes, 1840)...........................................................198
Scarus spinus (Kner, 1868)....................................................................................198
Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789)...................................................................... 199
Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840).................................................. 199
Scarus oviceps (Valenciennes, 1840).................................................................... 200
Scarus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1840)...................................................................201
Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)..................................................................... 202
Scarus quoyi (Valenciennes, 1840)........................................................................203
Scarus frenatus (Lacepède, 1802)..........................................................................204
Scarus rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847)..................................................................205
Scarus globiceps (Valenciennes, 1840)................................................................. 206
Scarus ghobban (Forsskål, 1775).......................................................................... 207
Scarus psittacus (Forsskål, 1775).......................................................................... 208
Scarus prasiognathos (Valenciennes, 1840).......................................................... 209
Scarus dimidiatus (Bleeker, 1859).........................................................................210
Scarus festivus (Valenciennes, 1840).................................................................... 211
Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829).......................................................................212
Scarus ovifrons (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).....................................................213
Scombridae...............................................................................................................214
Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Rüppell, 1836)........................................................ 214
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)........................................... 214
Polynemidae............................................................................................................. 215
Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)............................................... 215
Serranidae................................................................................................................ 215
Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849).........................................................215
Variola louti (Forsskål, 1775)................................................................................ 216
Epinephelus merra (Bloch, 1793)..........................................................................217
Variola albimarginata (Baissac, 1953)...................................................................218
Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790)...................................................................219
Epinephelusfasciatus (Forsskål, 1775).................................................................. 220
Epinephelus hexagonatus (Forster, 1801)..............................................................221
Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878)................................................................... 222
Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830)........................................................ 222
Epinephelus trimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1828)....................................................223
Cephalopholis spiloparaea (Valenciennes, 1828) ................................................. 223
Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskål, 1775).....................................................................224
Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828)......................................................225
Cephalopholis urodeta (Forster, 1801).................................................................. 226
Cephalopholis argus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).................................................. 227
Cephalopholis sexmaculata (Rüppell, 1830).........................................................228
Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790).................................................................... 229
Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède, 1801)..................................................................230
Diploprion bifasciatum (Cuvier, 1828)..................................................................230
Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822)................................................................ 231
Siganidae.................................................................................................................. 232
Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).........................................................232
Siganus punctatissimus (Fowler & Bean, 1929)................................................... 233
Siganus puellus (Schlegel, 1852).......................................................................... 234
Siganusvulpinus (Schlegel & Müller, 1845)......................................................... 235
Siganus punctatus (Schneider & Forster, 1801).................................................... 236
Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797)........................................................................237
Siganus corallinus (Valenciennes, 1835)...............................................................238
Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835).......................................................... 238
Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787)..............................................................................239
Sciaenidae.................................................................................................................239
Collichthys lucidus (Richardson, 1844)................................................................ 239
Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)...............................................................240
Johnius belangerii (Cuvier, 1830)..........................................................................240
Pennahia pawak (Lin, 1940)..................................................................................241
Pennahia anea (Bloch, 1793).................................................................................242
Caesionidae.............................................................................................................. 243
Pterocaesio caerulaurea (Lacepède, 1801)............................................................ 243
Pterocaesio tile (Cuvier, 1830).............................................................................. 244
Sphyraenidae............................................................................................................245
Sphyraena forsteri (Cuvier, 1829)......................................................................... 245
Sphyraena helleri (Jenkins, 1901)......................................................................... 245
Sphyraena jello (Cuvier, 1829)..............................................................................246
Terapontidae............................................................................................................ 247
Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790).....................................................................247
Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)............................................................................248
Terapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829)............................................................................. 249
Uranoscopidae..........................................................................................................249
Uranoscopus chinensis (Guichenot, 1882)............................................................ 249
Drepaneidae............................................................................................................. 250
Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758).......................................................................250
Drepane longimana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)....................................................250
Centrolophidae.........................................................................................................251
Psenopsis anomala (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)............................................... 251
Sillaginidae............................................................................................................... 252
Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775)............................................................................ 252
Stromateidae............................................................................................................ 253
Pampus cinereus (Bloch, 1795).............................................................................253
Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788)....................................................................254
Scatophagidae.......................................................................................................... 255
Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766).....................................................................255
Rachycentridae........................................................................................................ 256
Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766)............................................................. 256
Moronidae................................................................................................................ 257
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier, 1828)................................................................... 257
Lobotidae..................................................................................................................257
Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790)..................................................................... 257
Gerreidae..................................................................................................................258
Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829).......................................................................258
Gerres limbatus (Cuvier, 1830)............................................................................. 258
Gerres oblongus (Cuvier, 1830)............................................................................ 259
Ephippidae............................................................................................................... 260
Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787)................................................................................260
Trichiuridae..............................................................................................................261
Trichiurus brevis (Wang & You, 1992)................................................................. 261
Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758).................................................................... 262
Leiognathidae...........................................................................................................262
Photopectoralis bindus (Valenciennes, 1835)........................................................262
Leiognathusequulus (Forsskål, 1775)....................................................................263
Leiognathus brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835)..................................................... 264
Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)....................................................................... 265
Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)....................................................................... 266
Gobiidae....................................................................................................................267
Odontamblyopus rubicundus (Hamilton, 1822).................................................... 267
Ambassidae.............................................................................................................. 268
Ambassis gymnocephalus (Lacepède, 1802)........................................................ 268
Sparidae....................................................................................................................269
Paerargyrops edita (Tanaka).................................................................................. 269
Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775)....................................................................270
Pleuronectiformes......................................................................................................... 271
Bothidae....................................................................................................................272
Bothus myriaster (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).................................................. 272
Crossorhombus kobensis (Jordan & Starks, 1906)................................................273
Paralichthyidae........................................................................................................ 273
Pseudorhombus oligodon (Bleeker, 1854)............................................................ 273
Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus (Weber & de Beaufort, 1929)........................... 274
Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus (Günther, 1862)................................................ 275
Pseudorhombus levisquamis (Oshima, 1927)....................................................... 275Psettodidae............................................................................................................... 276
Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)........................................................276
Soleidae.....................................................................................................................276
Zebrias quagga (Kaup, 1858)................................................................................ 276
Cynoglossidae...........................................................................................................277
Cynoglossus roulei (Wu, 1932)............................................................................. 277
Siluriformes................................................................................................................... 279
Plotosidae..................................................................................................................280
Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787).......................................................................280
Scorpaeniformes............................................................................................................281
Scorpaenidae............................................................................................................282
Scorpaenopsis cirrosa (Thunberg, 1793)...............................................................282
Scorpaenopsis neglecta (Heckel, 1837).................................................................283
Scorpaenopsis diabolus (Cuvier, 1829)................................................................. 284
Sebastiscus marmoratus (Cuvier, 1829)................................................................ 284
Parascorpaena mcadamsi (Fowler, 1938)..............................................................285
Paracentropogon rubripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)................................285
Parascorpaena picta (Cuvier, 1829).......................................................................286
Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier, 1829)....................................................................... 287
Scorpaenodes evides (Jordan & Thompson, 1914)............................................... 288
Triglidae....................................................................................................................288
Pterygotrigla ryukyuensis (Matsubara & Hiyama, 1932)......................................288
Dactylopteridae........................................................................................................289
Dactyloptena peterseni (Nystrom, 1887)...............................................................289
Platycephalidae........................................................................................................ 290
Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758)................................................................ 290
Suggrundus meerdervoorti (Bleeker, 1860).......................................................... 290
Kumococius rodericensis (Cuvier, 1829).............................................................. 291
Inegociagutatus (Cuvier et Valenciennes, 1829)................................................... 291
Cociella crocodila (Cuvier, 1829)..........................................................................292
Onigociamacrolepis (Bleeker, 1854).....................................................................293
About the translator
Song Tianjiao, female, born in January 1987, Ph.D., is a member of the American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL). Dr. Song is currently a Lecturer in English Language Studies at Guangdong Ocean University. Her research focuses on English-Chinese translation, language cognition, and acquisition. Dr. Song has led multiple research projects funded by the Ministry of Education, as well as city and university-level projects. She has published several papers in SSCI Q1 journals and articles in both Chinese and English on English-Chinese translation and language acquisition.