目前，全球一体化趋势使世界各国之间的关联性日趋突出、复杂性程度越发增强。同时，能源是社会经济可持续发展的基础。因此研究世界能源消费情况对研究碳排放有重要作用，我们知道化石能源是消费的主要部分，其排放的出大量温室气体与有害物质，对全球气候造成影响。从世界范围来看，气候变化是人类共同面临的长期重大挑战，为此全球已有超过 120 个国家和地区提出了碳中和的目标，21 世纪一场波澜壮阔的全球绿色低碳转型大潮正在形成。因为环境资源作为人类赖以生存的共同家园，是一种具有非竞争性和非排他性的公共消费品，因此我们需要用碳排放权来限制这种公共消费品被无情地挥霍，只要有碳排放，就会形成潜在的碳资产或者碳负债，管理得好是潜在的资产，管理得不好就可能是隐藏的负债，未来会对企业带来不利影响。因此重视碳排放管理成为国家、企业、个人共同关注的问题。而生态文明是针对工业文明所带来的人口、资源环境与发展的困境，人类选择和确立的一种新的生存与发展道路。低碳经济是应对气候变化、实现经济转型的必然选择。低碳经济是一种以低耗能、低污染、低排放为特征的可持续发展模式，是为了降低和控制温室气体排放，避免气候发生灾难性变化，实现人类可持续发展，通过人类经济活动低碳化和能源消费生态化所实现的一场涉及全球性能源经济革命的经济形态。
本书注重理论联系实际，关注内容的系统性和完整性，通过研究世界能源消费及其影响因素及其碳排放特征与趋势、碳资产管理、碳足迹、碳中和、国内碳市场发展等章节的内容，对新时期如何做好环境生态、能源消费与碳排放做出梳理与研究。
对本书在编写过程中，参考了相关文献和书籍，在此向这些编著者表示衷心的感谢。由于作者专业水平和实践有限，加之本书脱稿时间仓促，缺点和不足之处在所难免，敬请指正，以便我们进一步补充和修正。
第一章 绪论························································································· 1
第一节 世界主要国家能源与替代能源相关概念 ····································· 1
第二节 世界主要国家能源消费特征分析 ·············································· 3
第三节 世界能源消费及其影响因素 ··················································· 13
第四节 低碳发展水平评析 ······························································· 16
第二章 中国能源消费及其碳排放特征与趋势 ············································· 18
第一节 中国能源消费特征 ······························································· 18
第二节 中国能源消费碳排放测算与分析 ············································· 22
第三章 中国能源消费碳排放影响因素 ······················································ 36
第一节 碳排放影响因素分析的理论基础 ············································· 36
第二节 碳排放与其影响因素间的关系 ················································ 39
第三节 基于二次项模型的碳排放影响因素 ·········································· 47
第四节 碳排放影响因素的灰色关联分析验证 ······································· 52
第四章 中国能源消费碳排放因素分解 ······················································ 55
第一节 因素分解分析方法 ······························································· 55
第二节 中国能源消费碳非放影响因素分解分析 ···································· 56
第三节 碳排放因素分解分析的灰色关联验证 ······································· 63
第五章 碳资产管理及其体系 ·································································· 66
第一节 碳资产管理的概述 ······························································· 66
第二节 碳资产管理的内容 ······························································· 80
第三节 碳资产管理体制内涵意义 ······················································ 84
第四节 碳资产管理体制建立准则 ······················································ 90
第五节 碳资产管理体制的有关内容 ··················································· 95
第六章 碳足迹····················································································110
第一节 碳足迹概述 ·······································································110
第二节 碳足迹的计量 ··································································· 120
第三节 碳足迹的认证和标记 ·························································· 130
第七章 碳中和··················································································· 137
第一节 碳中和的有关概述 ····························································· 137
第二节 碳中和的方法、技术与实施 ················································· 142
第三节 碳中和的证明准则、步骤与案例 ··········································· 148
第四节 碳中和市场、碳汇交易 ······················································· 153
第八章 碳排放交易理论与案例 ····························································· 161
第一节 庇古理论与碳税 ································································ 161
第二节 科斯定理与碳排放交易 ······················································· 162
第三节 碳税与碳排放交易的选择 ···················································· 163
第四节 碳排放交易的价格形成机制与配额拍卖 ·································· 164
第五节 美国东北部区域温室气体行动计划 ········································ 168
第六节 美国加利福尼亚州碳排放交易机制 ········································ 171
第七节 澳大利亚碳定价机制 ·························································· 174
第九章 国内碳市场发展 ······································································ 176
第一节 碳排放交易试点省市机制设计与比较 ····································· 176
第二节 试点机制运行情况 ····························································· 184
第三节 现阶段碳排放交易试点存在的问题 ········································ 189
第四节 中国自愿减排项目的发展 ···················································· 192
第五节 中国碳排放量的相关研究 ···················································· 200
第六节 中国碳排放交易机制 ·························································· 202
第十章 低碳经济拥抱生态文明建设 ······················································· 204
第一节 发展低碳经济对生态文明建设的重要意义 ······························· 204
第二节 低碳经济、绿色经济和循环经济 ··········································· 207
第三节 低碳经济是生态文明建设模式 ·············································· 213
第四节 生态文明推进低碳经济发展 ················································· 217
参考文献···························································································· 220
李远哲
男，1992年生，南洋理工大学材料科学工程博士，南洋理工大学、奥克兰大学访问学者，新加坡国立大学化工与生物分子学院工程硕士，新加坡人力部注册安全官，现任世界先进积体电路（新加坡）股份有限公司高级安全咨询、碳排放管理总工程师，曾任友达光电（新加坡）EHS高级工程师，安全委员会主理。专注于安全健康与环境相关技术以及功能性高分子材料研究。主持或已完成新加坡教育部重点科研项目以及企业合作项目等6项，累计发表SCI/SSCI 20余篇，EI期刊及国际核心会议论文10篇，软著1项，作为第一发明人申请国际专利1项、国家专利2项。此外担任新加坡亚瑟教育学院教育总监、盐趣科研教育工程导师等。
郝彧
男，1994年生。本科北京理工大学安全工程与工商管理双学士，硕士毕业于新加坡国立大学，主修安全、健康与环境技术（SHE Technology）。曾任友达光电（新加坡）EHS高级工程师；注册安全工程师、碳排放管理师。门萨国际俱乐部会员，千桦数字投研，新加坡得到同学会（DDSG）总编辑，樊登读书签约讲书人、训练营培训师。
徐泽正
男，2000年出生，山东东营人，毕业于外交学院，考文垂大学。曾任外交学院俄罗斯研究中心科研助理，累计在国内外重要期刊及会议发表论文6篇。
顾明彦
女，硕士，毕业于英国南威尔士大学。2020 年江苏省无锡市惠山区“先锋英才计划”创业先锋奖获得者。无锡迦恒中辰科技发展有限公司CEO，搭建农业区块链、食品安全溯源区块链服务平台等。
李晶
男，1989 年出生，湖南人，毕业于中南林业科技大学、胡弗汉顿大学，曾任职于国际 500 强万豪集团、欧莱雅、Allbirds 专注于可持续化商业运作。