Preface
The idea to write this book evolved from author’s pervious work and cultural routes and cultural landscape corridors in China and Europe as a landscape architect, planner, and researcher. Landscape corridors have attracted increasing policy attention for decades, and they have been widely promoted in open space planning for sustainable regional development and lead to various land use change. However, in the promotion of numbers of landscape corridor planning in China, the demands and reactions of the local residents who live in the planned areas are generally ignored by scholars, planners and decision makers, which leads to failures to anticipate potential conflicts and barriers to the implementation of corridor practices. Since Europe has a longer traditional of corridor and public participation policy making and implementation, European experiences maybe useful for “newcomers” like China, which is developing landscape corridor of its own.
The book provided an overall knowledge of the current experiences and shortcomings of landscape corridor planning and management practices, ascertaining that involving public stakeholders is an overall shortage in the field of landscape corridor planning projects. The results provide accessible ways and useful insights for the future diffusion of participatory planning for landscape corridor planning in China by presenting a mechanism for improving decision-maker-drafted plans by including local residents’ values, ideas, and interests. It also yield insights regarding ways to manage conflicts between decision-makers and residents in landscape corridor practices. Mobilizing a broad array of stakeholders by developing new approaches for more effective public participation in the planning system is needed for future landscape corridor planning in China.
- Introduction
1.1. Identifications of various types of landscape corridors in cultural and
ecological perspectives..........................................................................................1
1.2. Public Participation in planning process in Western world and China...................5
1.3. Public participation in landscape corridor planning process..................................7
1.4. Conflict management in landscape planning..........................................................9
1.5. Landscape corridor planning promotion in Europe and China.............................11
1.5.1. Promotion in Europe......................................................................................11
1.5.2. Promotion in China........................................................................................14
1.5.3. The current challenges in China compared to Europe...................................17
1.6. Research gaps....................................................................................................... 19
1.6.1. Lack of overall knowledge of landscape corridor practices..........................19
1.6.2. Lack of knowledge of the public participation of landscape corridor
planning.........................................................................................................20
1.6.3. Understanding the value of public participation for planning......................21
1.7. Research objectives.............................................................................................. 22
1.8. Research structure................................................................................................ 22
- European experiences
2.1. An overview of the current landscape corridor cases in Europe.......................... 24
2.1.1. The selection of studies to be included in our review................................... 24
2.1.2. Classification of landscape corridors into cultural or ecological
categories.......................................................................................................26
2.1.3. The current statement of cultural and ecological landscape corridor
planning in Europe........................................................................................ 27
2.2. The outcome of current overview on cultural and ecological landscape
corridor cases in Europe...................................................................................... 46
2.2.1. The differences between cultural and ecological corridors........................... 46
2.2.2. Bring landscape corridor planning and management in Europe
forward.......................................................................................................... 47
2.2.3. Conclusions................................................................................................... 49
- Case study in China
3.1. Cultural landscape corridor planning development in China............................... 50
3.2. Case study area..................................................................................................... 54
3.2.1. The silk road in China and in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province.................. 54
3.2.2. The Cultural landscape corridor plan in Zhangye......................................... 56
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i3.3. A public participatory mapping of cultural ecosystem services for cultural
landscape corridor planning................................................................................ 61
3.3.1. CES variables selections................................................................................63
3.3.2. CES data collection- participatory mapping..................................................64
3.3.3. The characteristics of CES points in local residents’ perspectives.............66
3.3.4. The Spatial distribution of mapped CES....................................................... 68
3.3.5. The public perceptions of the impact of the corridor project on CES...........71
3.3.6. The contribution of public perceptions for corridor planning impacts..........74
3.4. A public participatory scenario planning for future alternative assessment
of corridor development...................................................................................... 76
3.4.1. The conflict area with different developing preferences between local
residents and decisionmakers........................................................................76
3.4.2. The participatory scenario planning for assessing alternative futures...........83
3.4.3. The contribution of public participatory scenario planning for corridor
planning.........................................................................................................96
- Discussion and recommendation
4.1. Refection of the public participation in planning process.................................... 98
4.2. Bring landscape corridor planning and management forward through
public participation based on current experiences...............................................99
4.3. Potential conflicts for landscape corridor planning............................................100
4.4. The enrichments of public participation during landscape corridor planning
in China............................................................................................................. 101
4.5. Landscape democracy for corridor planning in China....................................... 102
4.6. The difficulties to involve public in the planning process in China...................105
4.7. The suitable level of public participation during corridor planning in China.... 105
4.8. Recommendations for planners on public participation in corridor planning
in China............................................................................................................. 106
- Conclusion
- Limitations and perspectives
6.1. The full evaluation on linking CES and public participatory mapping in
landscape corridor planning from ex-post to ex-ante..........................................111
6.2. Responses from different stakeholder groups for the enrichment of public
participation made during the planning process................................................. 112
6.3. The change of self-perceptions of the role of the planner in the promotion
of corridor planning in China..............................................................................112
Reference
Dr. Haiyun Xu. is an Associate Professor at the Department of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture. She studied Cultural Landscape at the Universities of Copenhagen and Gottingen and received a Ph.D. in Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning (2020) at the University of Copenhagen. She is a Young Scholar of the Beijing Overseas Talent Project. Her research aims at promoting sustainability in landscape planning management through a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between nature-social ecosystem services and landscape change.
Her current studies focus on the topics including cultural landscape and cultural ecosystem service, cultural route and heritage corridor,green infrastructures planning and management, public participation in landscape planning and management, public perceptions and landscape democracy, regional sustainable development.