Hydrological bases for the natural resources conservation in the Lake Moa catchment, Bolivia
Journal: Region - Water Conservancy DOI: 10.32629/rwc.v8i1.3528
Abstract
Water is life and knowing the availability of this resource and even more so in possible climate change scenarios, is essential to ensure sustainable development and especially the conservation of natural resources of vulnerable rural populations far from urban centers, such as the Tacana Native Indigenous region of northern La Paz, with emphasis on the sub-basins around the Botanical Garden implemented by DINA/UMSA in the basin of Lake Moa, the second largest lake in the department of La Paz, which tends to dry up in the dry season. For the evaluation of water resources, two meteorological stations were installed and gauging of the rivers of the sub-basins was carried out at monthly level from October 2018 to September 2019 and the SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tools) and WEAP (Water Evaluation & Planning) hydrological models were applied. Once the watershed models were built, most of them were preliminarily calibrated and validated, with the exception of only two watersheds, which obtained a Nash coefficient of less than 0.5. On this basis, we proceeded to simulate the availability of water in climate change scenarios, demonstrating a tendency to decrease flows and the sensitivity of this region to climate change, as well as the hydrological response of Lake Moa itself to this temporary supply. These studies should allow declaring these basins as protection areas, in order to stop and avoid forest exploitation and, on the contrary, to promote hydro-eco-productive and ecosystem protection activities, facilitating in the short term an Integrated Water Resources Management Strategy based on the results obtained in this research.
Keywords
water resources; climate change; water resources management
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