Parents' educational literacy constitutes the core determinant of family education quality, exerting far-reaching effects on children's cognitive development, personality formation, social conduct and academic achievement. This study selected parents from rural areas in the eastern, central, and western regions of Shandong Province as research subjects. Through questionnaire surveys and interviews, it systematically examined the current state of rural parents' educational literacy across dimensions such as educational beliefs, knowledge, and competencies. The study analyzed existing issues and proposed targeted improvement strategies from the perspectives of the individual, the family, and the school, with the aim of providing practical guidance for optimizing the rural family education ecosystem.