In the new media era, short videos have become a vital medium for college students to acquire information, engage in social interaction, and express themselves. With fragmented, visualized, and highly interactive communication features, short videos have reshaped the communication paradigm of ideological and political education in universities. Compared with traditional educational models, short videos break through temporal, spatial and formal limitations, closely connect with students' daily lives, effectively broaden the coverage of ideological and political education, and improve student participation. Owing to uneven quality of online information, the recommendation mechanism of algorithms and the proliferation of entertainment-oriented content, college students' valueoriented education is being undermined, which presents new challenges for ideological and political education. This paper will systematically study the two-way effect of short-video platforms on the ideological and political education of university students, summarize the current problems in educational practice, and propose optimization strategies for content creation, media literacy among educators, platform governance, institutional support, etc. The purpose of this paper is to promote the effective application of short videos in ideological and political education and improve the quality and efficiency of online education.