This paper centers on the debate between innatist and developmentalist views of human nature to explore the contemporary relevance of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. From the developmentalist perspective, the Regency-era social institutions such as entailment, primogeniture, and rigid chastity norms make the novel's marital crises and social pressures create an alienating effect on modern readers, weakening its thematic resonance. Conversely, the innatist view holds that Austen's depiction of universal human instincts—including maternal care, pragmatic life decisions, inner anxiety, and the pursuit of security and dignity—transcends historical boundaries. By analyzing character behaviors and psychological dilemmas in the novel, this study argues that the core of human nature remains constant despite shifting social contexts, confirming the novel's enduring relevance and literary value for modern audiences.