The Determination of Copyright Infringement Offences in the Artificial Intelligence Arena from a Criminal-Civilian Intersection Perspective
Journal: Journal of Higher Education Research DOI: 10.32629/jher.v5i5.2930
Abstract
The protection of copyright should adhere to the position that civil and criminal law are consistent, and that the same act cannot establish an offence of copyright infringement under criminal law to the extent permitted by civil law. It is appropriate to interpret the term "reproduction and distribution" in the context of the offence of copyright infringement as reproduction, distribution, reproduction and distribution. Judicial practice survey proved that at this stage, artificial intelligence can only be used as a tool for the offence of copyright infringement, and cannot become the subject of this offence, without affecting the construction and determination of this offence. As the object of the offence of copyright infringement, when an AI-generated object satisfies the two elements of originality and intellectual achievement, it can be considered to be a work of authorship and be included in the scope of protection under the Copyright Law and the Criminal Law. The legal interests protected by the offence of copyright infringement are firstly the state's order of copyright administration and the economic order of the socialist market, behind which lies the implication of protecting the copyright owner's advantageous position in market competition. With regard to the attribution of copyright in AI works, the determination can be made by drawing on the binary subject structure that has matured and operated in copyright law.
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence; Copyright; Copyright Infringement Offence; Criminal-Civil Intersection; Civil-Criminal Consistency
Full Text
PDF - Viewed/Downloaded: 0 TimesReferences
[1] Chen, X. L. (2017). Doctrinal Criminal Law. Beijing: China Renmin University Press. p. 161.
[2] Larenz, K. (2020). Methodology of Law (Trans. Huang, J. Z.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. p. 399.
[3] Liu, S. Y. (2023). On the Criminal-Civil Integration in the Judicial Identification of the Crime of Infringing Network Copyright. Fa Xue, (08), 72-84.
[4] Zhang, M. K. (2010). Crime Constitution System and Elements. Beijing: Peking University Press. p. 140.
[5] Zenggen, W. Y. (2005). Fundamentals of Criminal Law (Trans. Li, H.). Beijing: Law Press. p. 212.
[6] Luo, X. (2014). On the Scope of Criminal Protection of Copyright: A Comparative Analysis Based on the Copyright Law and the Criminal Law. Intellectual Property, (10), 50-56.
[7] Cui, L. H. (2007). Copyright Crimes and the Application of the Principle of Restraint: From the Perspective of the Second Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Concrete Application of Law in Criminal Cases of Infringing Intellectual Property Rights. Intellectual Property, (05), 65-70.
[8] Wang, X. C. (2022). On the "Reproduction and Distribution" in the Crime of Infringing Copyright (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). People's Public Security University of China.
[9] Feng, X. Q. (2020). The Private Attribute of Intellectual Property Rights and the Improvement of Its System: The Transformation and Development of China's Intellectual Property System under the Background of the Implementation of the Civil Code. Journal of Gansu Political Science and Law University, (05), 147-156.
[10] Wang, Z. Y., & Chen, H. (2023). The Nature and Development of the Crime of Infringing Copyright from the Perspective of the Unity of Legal Order. Journal of Yantai University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 36(04), 99-110.
[11] Wei, J. L. (2023). Research on the Identification of Information Network Communication Behavior in the Crime of Infringing Copyright (Unpublished master's thesis). East China University of Political Science and Law.
[12] Zhang, Y. H. (2014). Typical Case Analysis of the Crime of Infringing Copyright. Beijing: Peking University Press. pp. 42-50.
[13] Shao, Y. M. (2015). Research on the Criminal Legislative Mode of Copyright Crimes in China. Intellectual Property, (09), 57-61.
[14] Lei, Z. R., & Hu, S. (2023). On the "Reproduction and Distribution" in the Crime of Infringing Copyright under the Network Environment. China Procurators, (08), 20-24.
[15] Zhang, M. K. (2021). Criminal Law. Beijing: Law Press. p. 1071.
[16] Jiang, W. (2004). Research on Criminal Protection of Intellectual Property. Beijing: Law Press. pp. 239-242.
[17] Mo, H. X., & Hu, Q. (2018). From Data Value Protection to Data Copyright Protection under the Background of Technological Change: Taking the Supplementation of the Constitutive Requirements of the Crime of Infringing Copyright as the Approach. Publishing Research Quarterly, (15), 6-9.
[18] Jiang, W. (1994). General Theory of Criminal Patterns. Beijing: Law Press. p. 122.
[19] Zhou, M. H., Zhang, Y. X., & Tan, X. (2019). Software Digital Sociology. Chinese Science: Information Science, (11), 1399-1411.
[20] Li, F. D., & Xu, J. L. (2021). Research on Data Crawler Infringement. Journal of Shantou University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 37(08), 75-84+96.
[21] Tang, Y. (2022). The Dilemma and Institutional Reform of Copyright Protection of Secondary Creation in the Digital Age: Centering on the Derivative Right. Electronic Intellectual Property, (02), 52-70.
[22] Wang, Z. (2024). Analysis and Countermeasures of Infringement Issues of AIGC: Taking AI Painting as an Example. Contemporary Animation, (01), 99-105.
[23] Huang, W. S., & Tan, Y. H. (2019). Delimitation of the Reasonable Boundary of Data Protection Involved in Machine Learning. Journal of Nanchang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 50(02), 44-52.
[24] Liu, X. Q., & Hu, H. J. (2018). On the Criminal Responsibility Ability of Intelligent Robots in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Fa Xue, (01), 40-47.
[25] Gao, M. X., & Ma, K. C. (2014). Criminal Law. Beijing: Peking University Press. p. 437.
[26] Xie, Y. (2017). Analysis of the Legal Interests of Intellectual Property Criminal Law. Journal of Northern Law, 11(04), 109-120.
[27] Li, Z. P., & Zhou, S. J. (2021). The Private Attribute of Legal Interests: The Natural Attribution of the Crime of Infringing Copyright: Taking Article 123 of the Civil Code as the Entry Point. Criminal Law Series, 68(04), 300-322.
[28] An, R. (2022). The Evolution of Legal Interests and Criminal Law Responses in the Crime of Infringing Copyright in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Yangzhou University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 26(03), 63-76+128.
[29] Zhang, M. K. (2018). Controversial Issues of the Crime of Environmental Pollution. Law Review, 36(02), 1-19.
[30] Liu, H. T. (2020). The Regulation Logic and Improvement of the Crime of Infringing Copyright of AI Works. Hebei Law Science, 38(06), 121-127.
[31] Xiong, Q. (2017). The Copyright Recognition of the Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence. Intellectual Property, (03), 3-8.
[32] Sun, S. (2018). The Dilemma and Outlet of the Copyright Law Protection of the Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence. Intellectual Property, (11), 60-65.
[33] Bridy, A. (2016). The Evolution of Authorship: Work Made by Code. Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, 39(3), 395-401.
[34] Zhang, X. B., & Bian, L. (2024). Research on the Copyright Protection of the Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence. Comparative Law Studies, (02), 77-91.
[35] Rex, M., & Shoyama. (2005). Intelligent Agents: Authors, Makers, and Owners of Computer-Generated Works in Canadian Copyright Law. Canadian Journal of Law and Technology, 4(2), 129-140.
[36] Feng, X. Q., & Pan, B. H. (2020). Research on the Recognition of "Creation" by Artificial Intelligence and the Protection of Property Rights and Interests: Comment on the "First Case of Infringement of the Copyright of Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence". Journal of Northwest University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 50(02), 39-52.
[37] Gu, Y. C. (2022). Criminal Law Protection of Copyright in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. The Rule of Law Forum, (04), 67-75.
[2] Larenz, K. (2020). Methodology of Law (Trans. Huang, J. Z.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. p. 399.
[3] Liu, S. Y. (2023). On the Criminal-Civil Integration in the Judicial Identification of the Crime of Infringing Network Copyright. Fa Xue, (08), 72-84.
[4] Zhang, M. K. (2010). Crime Constitution System and Elements. Beijing: Peking University Press. p. 140.
[5] Zenggen, W. Y. (2005). Fundamentals of Criminal Law (Trans. Li, H.). Beijing: Law Press. p. 212.
[6] Luo, X. (2014). On the Scope of Criminal Protection of Copyright: A Comparative Analysis Based on the Copyright Law and the Criminal Law. Intellectual Property, (10), 50-56.
[7] Cui, L. H. (2007). Copyright Crimes and the Application of the Principle of Restraint: From the Perspective of the Second Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Concrete Application of Law in Criminal Cases of Infringing Intellectual Property Rights. Intellectual Property, (05), 65-70.
[8] Wang, X. C. (2022). On the "Reproduction and Distribution" in the Crime of Infringing Copyright (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). People's Public Security University of China.
[9] Feng, X. Q. (2020). The Private Attribute of Intellectual Property Rights and the Improvement of Its System: The Transformation and Development of China's Intellectual Property System under the Background of the Implementation of the Civil Code. Journal of Gansu Political Science and Law University, (05), 147-156.
[10] Wang, Z. Y., & Chen, H. (2023). The Nature and Development of the Crime of Infringing Copyright from the Perspective of the Unity of Legal Order. Journal of Yantai University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 36(04), 99-110.
[11] Wei, J. L. (2023). Research on the Identification of Information Network Communication Behavior in the Crime of Infringing Copyright (Unpublished master's thesis). East China University of Political Science and Law.
[12] Zhang, Y. H. (2014). Typical Case Analysis of the Crime of Infringing Copyright. Beijing: Peking University Press. pp. 42-50.
[13] Shao, Y. M. (2015). Research on the Criminal Legislative Mode of Copyright Crimes in China. Intellectual Property, (09), 57-61.
[14] Lei, Z. R., & Hu, S. (2023). On the "Reproduction and Distribution" in the Crime of Infringing Copyright under the Network Environment. China Procurators, (08), 20-24.
[15] Zhang, M. K. (2021). Criminal Law. Beijing: Law Press. p. 1071.
[16] Jiang, W. (2004). Research on Criminal Protection of Intellectual Property. Beijing: Law Press. pp. 239-242.
[17] Mo, H. X., & Hu, Q. (2018). From Data Value Protection to Data Copyright Protection under the Background of Technological Change: Taking the Supplementation of the Constitutive Requirements of the Crime of Infringing Copyright as the Approach. Publishing Research Quarterly, (15), 6-9.
[18] Jiang, W. (1994). General Theory of Criminal Patterns. Beijing: Law Press. p. 122.
[19] Zhou, M. H., Zhang, Y. X., & Tan, X. (2019). Software Digital Sociology. Chinese Science: Information Science, (11), 1399-1411.
[20] Li, F. D., & Xu, J. L. (2021). Research on Data Crawler Infringement. Journal of Shantou University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 37(08), 75-84+96.
[21] Tang, Y. (2022). The Dilemma and Institutional Reform of Copyright Protection of Secondary Creation in the Digital Age: Centering on the Derivative Right. Electronic Intellectual Property, (02), 52-70.
[22] Wang, Z. (2024). Analysis and Countermeasures of Infringement Issues of AIGC: Taking AI Painting as an Example. Contemporary Animation, (01), 99-105.
[23] Huang, W. S., & Tan, Y. H. (2019). Delimitation of the Reasonable Boundary of Data Protection Involved in Machine Learning. Journal of Nanchang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 50(02), 44-52.
[24] Liu, X. Q., & Hu, H. J. (2018). On the Criminal Responsibility Ability of Intelligent Robots in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Fa Xue, (01), 40-47.
[25] Gao, M. X., & Ma, K. C. (2014). Criminal Law. Beijing: Peking University Press. p. 437.
[26] Xie, Y. (2017). Analysis of the Legal Interests of Intellectual Property Criminal Law. Journal of Northern Law, 11(04), 109-120.
[27] Li, Z. P., & Zhou, S. J. (2021). The Private Attribute of Legal Interests: The Natural Attribution of the Crime of Infringing Copyright: Taking Article 123 of the Civil Code as the Entry Point. Criminal Law Series, 68(04), 300-322.
[28] An, R. (2022). The Evolution of Legal Interests and Criminal Law Responses in the Crime of Infringing Copyright in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Yangzhou University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 26(03), 63-76+128.
[29] Zhang, M. K. (2018). Controversial Issues of the Crime of Environmental Pollution. Law Review, 36(02), 1-19.
[30] Liu, H. T. (2020). The Regulation Logic and Improvement of the Crime of Infringing Copyright of AI Works. Hebei Law Science, 38(06), 121-127.
[31] Xiong, Q. (2017). The Copyright Recognition of the Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence. Intellectual Property, (03), 3-8.
[32] Sun, S. (2018). The Dilemma and Outlet of the Copyright Law Protection of the Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence. Intellectual Property, (11), 60-65.
[33] Bridy, A. (2016). The Evolution of Authorship: Work Made by Code. Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, 39(3), 395-401.
[34] Zhang, X. B., & Bian, L. (2024). Research on the Copyright Protection of the Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence. Comparative Law Studies, (02), 77-91.
[35] Rex, M., & Shoyama. (2005). Intelligent Agents: Authors, Makers, and Owners of Computer-Generated Works in Canadian Copyright Law. Canadian Journal of Law and Technology, 4(2), 129-140.
[36] Feng, X. Q., & Pan, B. H. (2020). Research on the Recognition of "Creation" by Artificial Intelligence and the Protection of Property Rights and Interests: Comment on the "First Case of Infringement of the Copyright of Contents Generated by Artificial Intelligence". Journal of Northwest University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 50(02), 39-52.
[37] Gu, Y. C. (2022). Criminal Law Protection of Copyright in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. The Rule of Law Forum, (04), 67-75.
Copyright © 2024 Jin Li, Haoyu Lin, Mozheng Lin, Yu'ang Zhang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License