Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Technology and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Antioxidant Active Substances from Litchi Chinensis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v7i2.5277
Abstract
Objective In this study, we took Litchi chinensis as the research object, obtained its antioxidant active substances by ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and took rosmarinic acid as the main evaluation index. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic power and ethanol concentration were optimized using Box-Behnken response surface design. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1: 19, ultrasonic power about 350 W and ethanol concentration 43%. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of rosmarinic acid was 5.43 mg/g, and the predicted value was in good agreement with the measured value. The in vitro experiments showed that the extracts of Litchi chinensis had significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity and certain iron ion reducing activity. Cytotoxicity assay showed no significant toxicity to RAW 264.7 cells in the range of 0–500 μg/mL. The mouse asthma model experiment further revealed that oral administration of Litchi chinensis extract could reduce airway resistance, suggesting that it might exert the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma potential through an antioxidant mechanism. This study has provided a basis for the development and application of the active components in Litchi chinensis, and further analysis of its pharmacodynamic material basis and in vivo action mechanism is still needed.
Keywords
Litchi chinensis; Ultrasound-assisted extraction; rosmarinic acid; antioxidant activity; response surface optimization; asthma model
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[2] Liang Y yu, Wan X huan, Niu F jv, et al. Salvia plebeia R. Br. : an overview about its traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology and modern applications[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2020, 121: 109589.
[3] Choi J K, Oh H M, Park J H, et al. Salvia plebeia extract inhibits the inflammatory response in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts and a murine model of arthritis[J]. Phytomedicine, 2015, 22(3): 415-422.
[4] Jung H J, Song Y S, Lim C J, et al. Anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive activities of an ethanol extract of Salvia plebeia R. Brown[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2009, 126(2): 355-360.
[5] Liang Y yu, Li K wei, Niu F jv, et al. Salvia plebeia R. Br. polysaccharides (SPP) against RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infection: Antiviral effect and mechanisms of action[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2021, 141: 111843.
[6] Xiong G. The hepatoprotective effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract in zebrafish (Danio rerio)[J]. 2019.
[7] Bae S, Park J, Jun W. Water extract from Salvia plebeia ameliorates progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via inhibition of oxidative stress inflammation reaction[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2024, 113: 106038.
[8] Wang J, Li T, Cai H, et al. Protective effects of total flavonoids from Qu Zhi Qiao (fruit of Citrus paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) on OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and remodeling through MAPKs and Smad2/3 signaling pathway[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2021, 138: 111421.
[9] Madeswaran A, Umamaheswari M, Asokkumar K, et al. Docking studies: In silico lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of some commercially available flavonoids[J]. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2011, 6(2): 133-138.
[10] Wang T yang, Li Q, Bi K shun. Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate[J]. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018, 13(1): 12-23.
[11] Carvalho O V, Botelho C V, Ferreira C G T, et al. In vitro inhibition of canine distemper virus by flavonoids and phenolic acids: Implications of structural differences for antiviral design[J] . Research in Veterinary Science, 2013, 95(2): 717-724.
[12] Yu H, Tang H, Wang M, et al. Effects of total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy via the activation of solute carriers in renal tubular epithelial cells[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2023, 169: 115899.
[13] Yeon J Y, Bae Y J, Kim E Y, et al. Association between flavonoid intake and diabetes risk among the Koreans[J]. Clinica Chimica Acta, 2015, 439: 225-230.
[14] Cui L, Ma Z, Wang D, et al. Ultrasound-assisted extraction, optimization, isolation, and antioxidant activity analysis of flavonoids from Astragalus membranaceus stems and leaves[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2022, 90: 106190.
[15] Paje L A, Choi J, Lee H D, et al. Phenolic acids and flavonoids from Salvia plebeia and HPLC-UV profiling of four Salvia species[J]. Heliyon, 2022, 8(3): e09046.
[16] Wang Y, Liang Z, Cao Y, et al. Discovery of a novel class of rosmarinic acid derivatives as antibacterial agents: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action[J]. Bioorganic Chemistry, 2024, 146: 107318.
[17] Ivanov M, Kostić M, Stojković D, et al. Rosmarinic acid–Modes of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of a common plant polyphenol[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 2022, 146: 521-527.
[18] Chadni M, Isidore E, Lagalle F, et al. Optimization of the supercritical extraction of rosmarinic acid from clary sage residue and the antioxidant activity of the extracts[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2023, 193: 105830.
[19] Jheng J R, Hsieh C F, Chang Y H, et al. Rosmarinic acid interferes with influenza virus A entry and replication by decreasing GSK3β and phosphorylated AKT expression levels[J] . Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 2022, 55(4): 598-610.
[20] Nyandwi J B, Ko Y S, Jin H, et al. Rosmarinic acid inhibits oxLDL-induced inflammasome activation under high-glucose conditions through downregulating the p38-FOXO1-TXNIP pathway[J]. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2020, 182: 114246.
[21] Liang Z, Nie H, Xu Y, et al. Therapeutic effects of rosmarinic acid on airway responses in a murine model of asthma[J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2016, 41: 90-97.
[22] Kim T H. Involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor in the hypnotic effect of rosmarinic acid[J]. 2022.
[23] Espada J J, Pérez‐Antolín D, Vicente G, et al. Environmental and techno‐economic evaluation of β ‐carotene production from Dunaliella salina . A biorefinery approach[J]. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2020, 14(1): 43-54.
[24] Zerazion E, Rosa R, Ferrari E, et al. Phytochemical compounds or their synthetic counterparts? A detailed comparison of the quantitative environmental assessment for the synthesis and extraction of curcumin[J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(6): 1807-1818.
[25] Sillero L, Prado R, Welton T, et al. Energy and environmental analysis of flavonoids extraction from bark using alternative solvents[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 308: 127286.
[26] Cheng Y, Zhao H, Cui L, et al. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from peanut leave and stem using deep eutectic solvents and its molecular mechanism[J]. Food Chemistry, 2024, 434: 137497.
[27] Shen L, Pang S, Zhong M, et al. A comprehensive review of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for bioactive components: Principles, advantages, equipment, and combined technologies[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2023, 101: 106646.
[28] Wang Z, Jia S, Cui J, et al. Antioxidant activity of a polysaccharide produced by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 141: 955-960.
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