Progress of Biological Whitening Technology
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v6i2.4056
Abstract
Biological whitening technology has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical-based whitening methods. This review summarizes recent progress in biological whitening agents (e.g., microbial enzymes, plant-derived compounds, and bioactive peptides) and their mechanisms of action, including melanin inhibition, tyrosinase activity modulation, and oxidative stress reduction. Key advancements include the utilization of lactic acid bacteria for skin brightening, ligninolytic enzymes for textile whitening, and genetic engineering to enhance microbial pigment-degrading efficiency. Challenges such as low stability, high production costs, and scalability limitations are discussed, along with potential solutions like nano-encapsulation and metabolic pathway optimization. Future directions emphasize the integration of synthetic biology, AI-driven enzyme design, and circular economy principles to expand applications in cosmetics, food preservation, and environmental remediation. In this paper, a series of biological whitening technology is discussed.
Keywords
Biological whitening, melanin inhibition, microbial enzymes, sustainable biotechnology, tyrosinase inhibitors
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[12]Guo X, Wang X, Chen T, Lu Y, Zhang H. Comparing E. coli mono-cultures and co-cultures for biosynthesis of protocatechuic acid and hydroquinone. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 2020;156:107518.
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[19]Jia W, Li H, Wang Q, Zheng K, Lin H, Li X, Huang J, Xu L, Dong W, Shu Z. Screening of perhydrolases to optimize glucose oxidase-perhydrolase-in situ chemical oxidation cascade reaction system and its application in melanin decolorization. J Biotechnol. 2021;328:106-114.
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[21]Ephrem E, Elaissari H, Greige-Gerges H. Improvement of skin whitening agents efficiency through encapsulation: current state of knowledge. Int J Pharm. 2017;526(1-2):50-68.
[22]Kfoury M, Landy D, Fourmentin S. Characterization of cyclodextrin/volatile inclusion complexes: a review. Molecules. 2018;23(5):1204.
[23]Haudecoeur R, Carotti M, Gouron A, Maresca M, Buitrago E, Hardré R, Bergantino E, Jamet H, Belle C, Réglier M, Bubacco L, Boumendjel A. 2-Hydroxypyridine-N-oxide-embedded aurones as potent human tyrosinase inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2016;8(1):55-60.
[24]Chung N, Aust SD. Inactivation of lignin peroxidase by hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of phenols. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;316(2):851-5.
[25]Ephrem E, Elaissari H, Greige-Gerges H. Improvement of skin whitening agents efficiency through encapsulation: current state of knowledge. Int J Pharm. 2017;526(1-2):50-68.
[26]Mann T, Gerwat W, Batzer J, Eggers K, Scherner C, Wenck H, Stäb F, Hearing VJ, Röhm KH, Kolbe L. Inhibition of human tyrosinase requires molecular motifs;138(7):1601-1608.
[27]Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V.Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2017;32(1):403-425.
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