Nonpharmacological Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v6i1.3720
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common cognitive and behavioral disorder in children, marked by age-inappropriate attention deficits, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. It brings many negative impacts to patients, families, and society. Drug therapy is widely used, but due to its side effects and the less-than-ideal effectiveness on some comorbidities, non-pharmacological interventions have become a research and clinical hotspot in recent years. This article reviews common domestic non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD and their effectiveness.
Keywords
attention deficit, hyperactivity/impulsivity, children, non-pharmacological intervention, treatment
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[32] Larsson I, Aili K, LÖNN M, et al. Sleep interventions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic literature review[J]. Sleep Medicine, 2023, 102: 64-75.
[33] Park JI, Lee IH, Lee SJ, et al. Effects of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with ADHD by activating serotonin and improving stress coping ability[J]. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023, 23(1): 73.
[34] Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Fulceri F, et al. Gut to brain interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a randomized controlled trial on the role of probiotics on clinical, biochemical and neurophysiological parameters[J]. BMC psychiatry, 2016, 16: 183.
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[36] Zhang HJ, Dong XL, Zhang YF, et al. Effects of acupuncture combined with psychological intervent-ion on attention, response inhibition and cerebral blood flow in children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder[J].Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion,2021,41(4) :400-404.
[2] Li SM, Feng W, Fang F, et al. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese chi-ldren: a meta-analysis[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2018, 39(7): 993-998.
[3] Developmental Behavior Group, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association.Pediatric exp-ert consensus on early recognition, standardized diagnosis, and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J]. Chin J Pediatr, 2020, 58(03): 188-193.
[4] Wang F, Du YS, Zhou GQ, et al. Analysis of family environment influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J]. CGCHC JUNE, 2016, 24(6): 579-582.
[5] Ding L, Che YP, Zhou SS, et al. The relationship between social function and parental anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the effect of group parental behavior training[J]. 2021, 36(2): 214-216.
[6] Moghaddam M, Assareh M, Heidaripoor A, et al. The study comparing parenting style of children with ADHD and normal children[J]. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 2013, 15: 45-49.
[7] Wu MF, Jiang Q, Li R, et al. Effects of structured family therapy on behavior and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder[J].China Journal of Health Psychology, 2012, 20(9): 1353-1355.
[8] Murray DW. Treatment of preschoolers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J/OL]. Current Psychiatry Reports, 2010, 12(5): 374-381.
[9] Morgan JE, Dvorsky MR, Meza JI, et al. Co-Occurring Psychopathology Moderates Social Skills Improvement in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Collaborative School-Home Intervention for Children with ADHD[J]. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: American Psychological Association, Division 53, 2022, 51(4): 543-555.
[10] Xue JM, Zhang Y, Huang Y. A meta-analytic investigation of the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on ADHD symptoms[J]. Medicine, 2019, 98(23): e15957.
[11] Gould KL, Porter M, Lyneham HJ, et al. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children With Anxiety and Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2018, 57(7): 481-490.
[12] Neuausser AM, Bluschke A, Roessner V, et al. Distinct effects of different neurofeedback protocols on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition in ADHD[J]. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023, 153: 111-122.
[13] Enriquez-Geppert S, Krc J, Van DH, et al. Theta/Beta Ratio Neurofeedback Effects on Resting and Task-Related Theta Activity in Children with ADHD[J]. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 2024.
[14] Nejati V, Movahed AM, Nitsche MA. The Impact of Attention Deficit-hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity on the Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Inhibitory Control[J]. Neuroscience, 2021, 466: 248-257.
[15] Dedoncker J, Brunoni AR, Baeken C, et al. The effect of the interval-between-sessions on prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Neural Transmission, 2016, 123(10): 1159-1172.
[16] Salehinejad MA, Wischnewski M, Nejati V, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits[J]. PloS One, 2019, 14(4): e0215095.
[17] Allenby C, Falcone M, Bernardo L, et al. Transcranial direct current brain stimulation decreases impulsivity in ADHD[J]. Brain Stimulation, 2018, 11(5): 974-981.
[18] Masuda F, Nakajima S, Miyazaki T, et al.Clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review[J]. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2019, 23(7): 1614-1629.
[19] Siddharth R, Miller M, Karalunas S, et al. Structural and functional connectivity of the human brain in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A rich club-organization study[J]. Human brain mapping, 2014, 35(12): 6032-48.
[20] Mazor-Karsenty T, Parush S, Shalev L. Sustained attention in sensory modulation disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder[J]. 2019, 88: 22-29.
[21] Mimouni-Bloch A, Offek H, Rosenblum S, et al. Association between sensory modulation and daily activity function of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and children with typical development[J]. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2018, 83: 69-76.
[22] Davis CL, Tomporowski PD, Mcdowell JE, et al. Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: a randomized, controlled trial[J]. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2011, 30(1): 91-98.
[23] Chen JW, Du WQ, Zhu K. Optimal exercise intensity for improving executive function in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and network meta-analysis [J]. 2025, 34(2): 497-518.
[24] Hoza B, Smith A L, Shoulberg E K, et al. A randomized trial examining the effects of aerobic physical activity on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in young children[J]. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 2015, 43(4): 655-67.
[25] Gonzalez NA, Sakhamuri N, Athiyaman S. A Systematic Review of Yoga and Meditation for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children-PubMed[J]. 2023, 15(3): e36143.
[26] Cohen SCL, Harvey DJ, Shields RH, et al. Effects of Yoga on Attention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity in Preschool-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms[J]. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: 2018, 39(3): 200-209.
[27] Oliva F, Malandrone F, GirolamoI G, et al. The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beyond core symptoms: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021, 292: 475-486.
[28] Khoshbakht Y, Moghtaderi F, Bidaki Reza, et al. The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: a randomized controlled clinical trial[J]. European Journal of Nutrition, 2021, 60(7): 3647-3658.
[29] Edmund JS, Brandeis D, Cortese S, et al. Nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary and psychological treatments[J]. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 2013, 170(3): 275-289. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070991.
[30] Gillies D, Leach MJ, Algorta GP. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents[J]. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023 14;4(4):CD007986.
[31] Noyan GT, Direk GB, Örengül AC. A randomized controlled trial of effects of sleep hygiene training and progressive muscle relaxation training in children with ADHD [J]. 2024 117:169-176.
[32] Larsson I, Aili K, LÖNN M, et al. Sleep interventions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic literature review[J]. Sleep Medicine, 2023, 102: 64-75.
[33] Park JI, Lee IH, Lee SJ, et al. Effects of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with ADHD by activating serotonin and improving stress coping ability[J]. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023, 23(1): 73.
[34] Santocchi E, Guiducci L, Fulceri F, et al. Gut to brain interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: a randomized controlled trial on the role of probiotics on clinical, biochemical and neurophysiological parameters[J]. BMC psychiatry, 2016, 16: 183.
[35] Fatemeh M, Ali KV, Atefeh S, et al. Efficacy of adding acupuncture to Methylphenidate in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized clinical trial[J].European Journal of Integrative Medicine,2018, 22: 62-68.
[36] Zhang HJ, Dong XL, Zhang YF, et al. Effects of acupuncture combined with psychological intervent-ion on attention, response inhibition and cerebral blood flow in children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder[J].Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion,2021,41(4) :400-404.
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