Research Progress on Effects of Craniocerebral Trauma on Pituitary Function
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v5i4.3316
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury presents a significant public health challenge, with far-reaching implications for the well-being of those. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the decline in pituitary function following traumatic brain injury, which has gradually emerged as a major contributing factor to mortality and disability among young individuals experiencing such injuries. Concurrently, hypopituitarism, characterized by inadequate secretion of pituitary hormones, is a common complication following traumatic brain injury. However, the clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism have been shown to be a major contributing factor to mortality and disability among young individuals experiencing such injuries. However, the clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism lack specificity and can easily be confused with other potential post-traumatic complications. However, the clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism lack specificity and can easily be confused with other potential post-traumatic complications. Consequently, hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury is prone to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current clinical diagnosis and research progress regarding post-traumatic pituitary function and associated hormone changes.
Keywords
Craniocerebral injury; Pituitary; Pituitary function changes.
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[26] Wang JZ, Witiw CD, Scantlebury N, et al. Clinical significance of posttraumatic intracranial hemorrhage in clinically mild brain injury: a retrospective cohort study [J]. cmaj 2019, 7(3): e511-e515.
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[30] Ding M, Chen Y, Luan H, et al. Dexmedetomidine reduces inflammation in traumatic brain injury by regulating the inflammatory responses ofmacrophages and splenocytes [J]. Exp Therap Med, 2019, 18(3): 2323-2331.
[31] Gasco V, Cambria V, Bioletto F, et al. Traumatic Brain Injury as Frequent Cause of Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 15;12:634415. doi. 10.3389/fendo.2021.634415. PMID: 33790864 ; PMCID: PMC8005917.
[32] Zhang Q,Yang MF. Analysis of risk factors associated with hypopituitarism after craniocerebral injury. Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery, 2012,28(04):403-403.
[33] Wang Tengqi, Wang Shousen. Progress of adenopituitary gland function decrease after traumatic craniocerebral injury. Chinese Journal of Neurology,2017,16(9):962-962.
[34] Bhargava R, Daughters KL. Oxytocin therapy in hypopituitarism: challenges and opportunities [J]. Clin Endocrinol, 2019, 90(2): 257-264.
[35] Wang H, Zhou XM, Xu WD, et al. Inhibition of elevated hippocampal CD24 reduces neurogenesis in mice with traumatic brain injury [J]. J SurgRes, 2019, 245(11): 321329.
[36] Wang JY, Teng LF, Shao B, et al. Post-traumatic craniocerebral trauma slow A study of the incidence of sexual hypopituitarism and alternative treatments [J].Chinese general medicine,2016,14(03):374-376+422.
[37] SUN Yan, NIU Xiaohong, QU Hai. Clinical analysis of hypothalamic pituitary insufficiency caused by traumatic brain injury[J]. World Digest of Recent Medical Information,2017,17(32):131-132.
[2] NtaliG. Traumatic brain injury induced Neuroendocrine changes: acute hormonal changes of anterior pituitary function [J]. Pituitary, 2019, 22(3): 283-295.
[3] Guan JQ, Liang YC, Liu SN, et al. Current status of hypopituitarism secondary to traumatic craniocerebral injury. International Journal of Geriatrics.2023. 04. 020: 1674-7593.
[4] Baker AJ, ParkE, Hare GM, et al. Effects of resuscitation fluid on neurologic physiology after cerebral trauma and hemorrhage[J]. J Trauma, 2008, 64(2): 348-357.
[5] HUANG Houzhi, TONG Haibo. Research progress of neuroendocrine changes after traumatic brain injury[J/CD]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Physicians:Electronic Edition,2016,10(8):1164-1167.
[6] LIANG Xiaozhao,WANG Ping,TU Yue. An introduction to the understanding of hypopituitarism after medium- and heavy-duty craniocerebral trauma[J]. World Updated Medical Information Abstract,2019,19(35):124-126.
[7] Sav A, Rotondo F, Syro LV, et al. Pituitary pathology in traumatic brain injury: a review. Pituitary. 2019 Jun;22(3):201-211. doi.10.1007/s11102-019-00958-8.
[8] WANG Xinjun,LIU Wanqing,ZHANG Hengwei.Progress in the study of hypopituitarism after TBI[J]. World Medical News Update,2019,19(80):84-86.
[9] Quinn M, Agha A. Post-TraumaticHypopituitarism-Who Should Be Screened.When, and How? FrontEndocrinol (Lausanne).2018 Feb 2;9:8. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00008. PMID: 29456522 ; PMCID: PMC5801312.
[10] Gasco V, Cambria V, Bioletto F, et al. Traumati c brain injury as frequent cause of hypopituitarism and vgrowth hormone deficiency: epidemiology, diagnosis, and Treatment ［J］. Front Endocrinol ( Lausanne ), 2021, 12: 634415.
[11] Karaca Z, TanriverdiF, UnluhizarciK, et al. GH and pituitary hormone alterations after traumatic brain injury[J]. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 2016, 138: 167-191.DOI. 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.10.010.
[12] Guaraldi F, Grottoli S, Arvat E, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary autoimmunity and traumatic brain injury[J]. J Clin Med, 2015, 4 (5): 1025-1035. doi: 10.3390/jcm4051025.
[13] F. Tanriverdi, A. De Bellis, H. Ulutabanca, A. et al. Kelestimur, A five year prospective investigation of anterior pituitary function after traumatic brain injury: is hypopituitarism long term after head trauma associated with autoimmunity? [J]. Neurotrauma, 2013, 30:1426-1433.
[14] Mele C, Pingue V, Caputo M, et al. Neuroinflam mation and hypothalamo - pituitary dysfunction: focus of traumatic brain injury [J ]. IntJ Mol Sci, 2021,22 (5). doi: 10.3390 /ijms22052686.
[15] Schneider HJ, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I. Ghigo E, et al. Hypothalamopituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review[J]. JAMA, 2007, 298(12): 1429-1438. DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.12.1429.
[16] LIANG Guanqin, PAN Jun, QI Songtao, et al. Analysis of clinical factors of remote pituitary hormone changes in severe craniocerebral injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Neurology, 2015, 14(6): 614-618. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-8925.2015.06.015
[17] Oltmanns KM, Fehm HL, Peters A. Chronic fentanyl application induces adrenocortical insufficiency[J]. J Intern Med, 2005, 257(5): 478-480. doi.10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01483.x.
[18] Napier C, Gan EH, Pearce SH. Loperamide-induced hypopituitarism [J]. BMJ Case Rep, 2016, 2016, pii: bcr2016216384. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216384.
[19] Züleyha Karaca, Fatih Tanrıverdi, Kürşad Ünlühızarcı, et al. GH and Pituitary Hormone Alterations After Traumatic Brain Injury[J].Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci,2016, 138:167-91.
[20] Xin Chen, Zilong Zhao, Yan Chai, et al. The incidence of critical-illnessrelated-corticosteroid-insufficienc y is associated with severity oftraumatic brain injury in adult rats[J].J Neurol Sci, 2014,.342(1-2):93-100.
[21] Liu QY, Liu J, Zhong QQ, et al. Changes of serum thyroxine and and peptides in patients with craniocerebral injury. Chinese Clinical Neurosurgery Miscellany.1009-153X(2017)03-0155-03.
[22] Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez, Estefania Acaz-Fonseca, Silvia Giatti, Donatella Caruso, et al. Garcia-Segura,Correlation of brain levels of progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone with neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury in female mice[J].Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2015, 56:1-11.
[23] HUI Weining, LI Xiangdong, HUI Guozhen, et al. Changes of peripheral blood adenopituitary hormone after acute traumatic brain injury and its relationship with the degree of brain injury [J].JIANGSU PHARMACEUTICAL, 2009,35(11):1347-1348.
[24] Fernandez-RodriguezE,Bernabeu I,CastroAI, et al. Hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury: determining factors for diagnosis [J]. Front Endocrinol(Lausanne), 2011, 2(8). 25. DOI: 10.3389/fendo. 2011.00025.
[25] Chen K, DaiF, LiG, et al. Using computerized tomography perfusion to measure cerebral hemodynamics following treatment of traumatic brain injury in rabbits [J]. Exp Therap Med. 2019, 18(3): 2104-2110.
[26] Wang JZ, Witiw CD, Scantlebury N, et al. Clinical significance of posttraumatic intracranial hemorrhage in clinically mild brain injury: a retrospective cohort study [J]. cmaj 2019, 7(3): e511-e515.
[27] Jang SH, Kim SH, Lee HD. Traumatic axonal injury ofthe cingulum in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor tractography study [J]. Neural Regener Res, 2019, 14(9): 1556.
[28] LiM, Sirko S. Traumatic Brain Injury: At the Crossroads ofNeuropathology and Common Metabolic Endocrinopathies. J Clin Med. 2018 Mar 14;7(3):59. doi: 10.3390/jcm7030059. PMID: 29538298 ; PMCID: PMC5867585.
[29] Tan CL, Hutchinson PJ. A neurosurgical approach to traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic hypopituitarism. pituitary. 2019 Jun;22(3):332-337. doi. 10.1007/s11102-018-0925-z.
[30] Ding M, Chen Y, Luan H, et al. Dexmedetomidine reduces inflammation in traumatic brain injury by regulating the inflammatory responses ofmacrophages and splenocytes [J]. Exp Therap Med, 2019, 18(3): 2323-2331.
[31] Gasco V, Cambria V, Bioletto F, et al. Traumatic Brain Injury as Frequent Cause of Hypopituitarism and Growth Hormone Deficiency: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 15;12:634415. doi. 10.3389/fendo.2021.634415. PMID: 33790864 ; PMCID: PMC8005917.
[32] Zhang Q,Yang MF. Analysis of risk factors associated with hypopituitarism after craniocerebral injury. Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery, 2012,28(04):403-403.
[33] Wang Tengqi, Wang Shousen. Progress of adenopituitary gland function decrease after traumatic craniocerebral injury. Chinese Journal of Neurology,2017,16(9):962-962.
[34] Bhargava R, Daughters KL. Oxytocin therapy in hypopituitarism: challenges and opportunities [J]. Clin Endocrinol, 2019, 90(2): 257-264.
[35] Wang H, Zhou XM, Xu WD, et al. Inhibition of elevated hippocampal CD24 reduces neurogenesis in mice with traumatic brain injury [J]. J SurgRes, 2019, 245(11): 321329.
[36] Wang JY, Teng LF, Shao B, et al. Post-traumatic craniocerebral trauma slow A study of the incidence of sexual hypopituitarism and alternative treatments [J].Chinese general medicine,2016,14(03):374-376+422.
[37] SUN Yan, NIU Xiaohong, QU Hai. Clinical analysis of hypothalamic pituitary insufficiency caused by traumatic brain injury[J]. World Digest of Recent Medical Information,2017,17(32):131-132.
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