Recent Advances in the Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Urinary Calculi and Their Clinical Significance
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v5i3.2787
Abstract
Urinary calculi are a common condition in urology, with a rising incidence in recent years. The intestinal microecosystem, a crucial component of the human microbiome, is closely linked to various diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. Recent studies have shown that patients with urinary calculi exhibit a significant decrease in gut microbiome diversity, particularly in oxalate-metabolizing bacteria such as Oxalobacter formigenes, which is closely associated with the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Additionally, an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, further disrupts oxalate metabolism, raising the risk of stone formation. The use of antibiotics has been implicated in disturbing the gut microbiome, potentially increasing the recurrence of urinary calculi. This review summarizes the relationship between urinary calculi and the intestinal microecosystem, exploring the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to stone formation and offering new insights into the prevention and treatment of urinary calculi.
Keywords
urinary calculi; gut microbiota; oxalate metabolism; antibiotics; intestinal microecosystem
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[14]Xiang L, Jin X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Jian Z, Wei Z, Li H, Li Y, Wang K. Prediction of the occurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones based on clinical and gut microbiota characteristics. World J Urol. 2022 Jan;40(1):221-227.
[2]Kachkoul R, Touimi GB, El Mouhri G, El Habbani R, Mohim M, Lahrichi A. Urolithiasis: History, epidemiology, aetiologic factors and management. Malays J Pathol. 2023 Dec;45(3):333-352.
[3]Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Nageshwar Reddy D. Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Aug 7;21(29):8787-803.
[4]Gomaa EZ. Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2020 Dec;113(12):2019-2040.
[5]Yuan T, Xia Y, Li B, Yu W, Rao T, Ye Z, Yan X, Song B, Li L, Lin F, Cheng F. Gut microbiota in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Microbiol. 2023 May 19;23(1):143.
[6]Stewart CS, Duncan SH, Cave DR. Oxalobacter formigenes and its role in oxalate metabolism in the human gut. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2004 Jan 15;230(1):1-7.
[7]Tian L, Liu Y, Xu X, Jiao P, Hu G, Cui Y, Chen J, Ma Y, Jin X, Wang K, Sun Q. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum J-15 reduced calcium oxalate kidney stones by regulating intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and inflammation in rats. FASEB J. 2022 Jun;36(6):e22340.
[8]Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Deng Q, Liang H. Recent advances on the mechanisms of kidney stone formation (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2021 Aug;48(2):149.
[9]Stern JM, Burk RD, Asplin J, Krieger NS, Suadicani SO, Wang Y, Usyk M, Lee JA, Chen L, Becker J, Chan M, Bushinsky DA. Kidney stone formation and the gut microbiome are altered by antibiotics in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats. Urolithiasis. 2021 Jun;49(3):185-193.
[10]Nazzal L, Francois F, Henderson N, Liu M, Li H, Koh H, Wang C, Gao Z, Perez GP, Asplin JR, Goldfarb DS, Blaser MJ. Effect of antibiotic treatment on Oxalobacter formigenes colonization of the gut microbiome and urinary oxalate excretion. Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 12;11(1):16428.
[11]Joshi S, Goldfarb DS. The use of antibiotics and risk of kidney stones. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2019 Jul;28(4):311-315.
[12]Ticinesi A, Nouvenne A, Chiussi G, Castaldo G, Guerra A, Meschi T. Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and Gut Microbiota: Not just a Gut-Kidney Axis. A Nutritional Perspective. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 20;12(2):548.
[13]Chen F, Bao X, Liu S, Ye K, Xiang S, Yu L, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu X, Ying J, Shen Y, Ji W, Si S. Gut microbiota affect the formation of calcium oxalate renal calculi caused by high daily tea consumption. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Jan;105(2):789-802.
[14]Xiang L, Jin X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Jian Z, Wei Z, Li H, Li Y, Wang K. Prediction of the occurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones based on clinical and gut microbiota characteristics. World J Urol. 2022 Jan;40(1):221-227.
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