Research Progress of Pulsed Radiofrequency in the Treatment of Shoulder Pain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v5i3.2768
Abstract
The shoulder is one of the most complex anatomical structures in the body, consisting of bones, muscles, tendons, bursae, joint capsules, nerves, and blood vessels. Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal syndromes clinically, according to statistics, the prevalence of shoulder pain in the adult population is 11% to 27%, lifetime prevalence as high as 67%. There are also significant differences in the prevalence of shoulder pain across age and gender. Typically, shoulder pain stems from trauma, degeneration, inflammation, vascular disease, and referred pain from other parts of the head, neck, and hands. Studies have shown that in addition to personal risk factors such as age, arthritis, obesity, diabetes, and thyroid disease, external factors such as living and working environments can lead to varying degrees of pain, limited mobility, and dysfunction in the shoulder, It imposes a huge economic burden on social development and healthcare services.
Keywords
pulsed radiofrequency, shoulder pain, treatment
Full Text
PDF - Viewed/Downloaded: 0 TimesReferences
[1] Nazari G, MacDermid J C, Bryant D, et al.. The effectiveness of surgical vs conservative interventions on pain and function in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. PloS One, 2019, 14(5): e0216961.
[2] Hodgetts C J, Leboeuf-Yde C, Beynon A, et al.. Shoulder pain prevalence by age and within occupational groups: a systematic review[J]. Archives of Physiotherapy, 2021, 11: 24.
[3] Djade C D, Porgo T V, Zomahoun H T V, et al.. Incidence of shoulder pain in 40 years old and over and associated factors: A systematic review[J]. European Journal of Pain (London, England), 2020, 24(1): 39–50.
[4] Lucas J, van Doorn P, Hegedus E, et al.. A systematic review of the global prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain[J]. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2022, 23: 1073.
[5] Abdelshafi M E, Yosry M, Elmulla A F, et al.. Relief of chronic shoulder pain: a comparative study of three approaches[J]. Middle East Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2011, 21(1): 83–92.
[6] Dzakpasu F Q S, Carver A, Brakenridge C J, et al.. Musculoskeletal pain and sedentary behaviour in occupational and non-occupational settings: a systematic review with meta-analysis[J]. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2021, 18(1): 159.
[7] Wright J O, Wiggins W, Smith M S, et al.. Shoulder Pain and Dysfunction After Vaccination: A Systematic Review[J]. JBJS reviews, 2023, 11(1).
[8] Giacalone A, Alessandria P, Ruberti E. The Physiotherapy Intervention for Shoulder Pain in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer: Systematic Review[J]. Cureus, 2019, 11(12): e6416.
[9] Kane T P C, Rogers P, Hazelgrove J, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency applied to the suprascapular nerve in painful cuff tear arthropathy[J]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2008, 17(3): 436–440.
[10] Wu Y-T, Ho C-W, Chen Y-L, et al.. Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency stimulation of the suprascapular nerve for adhesive capsulitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2014, 119(3): 686–692.
[11] M G, Ce R-G, Br T, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency of suprascapular nerve for chronic shoulder pain: a randomized double-blind active placebo-controlled study[J]. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain, Pain Pract, 2013, 13(2).
[12] Millar N L, Meakins A, Struyf F, et al.. Frozen shoulder[J]. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 2022, 8(1): 59.
[13] Hoppe M W, Brochhagen J, Tischer T, et al.. Risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports: an updated systematic review[J]. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics, 2022, 9(1): 78.
[14] Sergienko S, Kalichman L. Myofascial origin of shoulder pain: a literature review[J]. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2015, 19(1): 91–101.
[15] Lowry V, Lavigne P, Zidarov D, et al.. A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Various Shoulder Disorders[J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2024, 105(2): 411–426.
[16] Ziradkar R, Best T M, Quintero D, et al.. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory and Corticosteroid Injections for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Sports Health, 2023, 15(4): 579–591.
[17] Erdine S, Bilir A, Cosman E R, et al.. Ultrastructural changes in axons following exposure to pulsed radiofrequency fields[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2009, 9(6): 407–417.
[18] Hp S, Jm M, Vr C. Radiofrequency neurolysis in a clinical model. Neuropathological correlation[J]. Journal of neurosurgery, J Neurosurg, 1981, 55(2).
[19] Protasoni M, Reguzzoni M, Sangiorgi S, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency effects on the lumbar ganglion of the rat dorsal root: a morphological light and transmission electron microscopy study at acute stage[J]. European Spine Journal: Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2009, 18(4): 473–478.
[20] Tun K, Cemil B, Gurcay A G, et al.. Ultrastructural evaluation of Pulsed Radiofrequency and Conventional Radiofrequency lesions in rat sciatic nerve[J]. Surgical Neurology, 2009, 72(5): 496–500; discussion 501.
[21] Chua N H L, Vissers K C, Sluijter M E. Pulsed radiofrequency treatment in interventional pain management: mechanisms and potential indications-a review[J]. Acta Neurochirurgica, 2011, 153(4): 763–771.
[22] Ørstavik K, Weidner C, Schmidt R, et al.. Pathological C-fibres in patients with a chronic painful condition[J]. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2003, 126(Pt 3): 567–578.
[23] Yuan Y, Shen W, Han Q, et al.. Clinical observation of pulsed radiofrequency in treatment of knee osteoarthritis[J]. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med, 2016, 9:20050–20055.
[24] Choi S, Choi H J, Cheong Y, et al.. Internal-specific morphological analysis of sciatic nerve fibers in a radiofrequency-induced animal neuropathic pain model[J]. PloS One, 2013, 8(9): e73913.
[25] Van Zundert J, Patijn J, Kessels A, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency adjacent to the cervical dorsal root ganglion in chronic cervical radicular pain: a double blind sham controlled randomized clinical trial[J]. Pain, 2007, 127(1–2): 173–182.
[26] Rohof O J J M. Radiofrequency treatment of peripheral nerves[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2002, 2(3): 257–260.
[27] S B, A V, M F, et al.. Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a review[J]. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2007, 15(8).
[28] Jd Z, A R. Frozen shoulder: a consensus definition[J]. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2011, 20(2).
[29] Shah R V, Racz G B. Pulsed mode radiofrequency lesioning of the suprascapular nerve for the treatment of chronic shoulder pain[J]. Pain Physician, 2003, 6(4): 503–506.
[30] Huang C-C, Tsao S-L, Cheng C-Y, et al.. Treating frozen shoulder with ultrasound-guided pulsed mode radiofrequency lesioning of the suprascapular nerve: two cases[J]. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2010, 11(12): 1837–1840.
[31] Yan J, Zhang X-M. A randomized controlled trial of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency for patients with frozen shoulder[J]. Medicine, 2019, 98(1): e13917.
[32] Chang W K. Shoulder impingement syndrome[J]. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2004, 15(2): 493–510.
[33] Garving C, Jakob S, Bauer I, et al.. Impingement Syndrome of the Shoulder[J]. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 2017, 114(45): 765–776.
[34] Heron S R, Woby S R, Thompson D P. Comparison of three types of exercise in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy/shoulder impingement syndrome: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Physiotherapy, 2017, 103(2): 167–173.
[35] Gunay Ucurum S, Kaya D O, Kayali Y, et al.. Comparison of different electrotherapy methods and exercise therapy in shoulder impingement syndrome: A prospective randomized controlled trial[J]. Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica, 2018, 52(4): 249–255.
[36] Ökmen B M, Ökmen K. Comparison of photobiomodulation therapy and suprascapular nerve-pulsed radiofrequency in chronic shoulder pain: a randomized controlled, single-blind, clinical trial[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2017, 32(8): 1719–1726.
[37] Ergonenc T, Beyaz S G. Effects of ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve pulsed radiofrequency on chronic shoulder pain[J]. Medical Ultrasonography, 2018, 20(4): 461–466.
[38] Sir E, Eksert S. Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency neuromodulation of the suprascapular nerve in partial rotator cuff tears[J]. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019, 49(5): 1524–1528.
[39] Kalichman L, Ratmansky M. Underlying pathology and associated factors of hemiplegic shoulder pain[J]. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 2011, 90(9): 768–780.
[40] Wilson R D, Chae J. Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain[J]. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2015, 26(4): 641–655.
[41] Wang Y, Li X, Sun C, et al.. Effectiveness of kinesiology taping on the functions of upper limbs in patients with stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized trial[J]. Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2022, 43(7): 4145–4156.
[42] Xie H-M, Guo T-T, Sun X, et al.. Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin A in Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2021, 102(9): 1775–1787.
[43] Mazzola A, Spinner D. Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Shoulder Pain: Anatomic Review and Assessment of the Current Clinical Evidence[J]. Pain Physician, 2020, 23(5): E461–E474.
[44] Zhan J, Luo Y, Mao W, et al.. Efficacy of acupuncture versus rehabilitation therapy on post-stroke shoulder pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Medicine, 2023, 102(29): e34266.
[45] Kim T H, Chang M C. Comparison of the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency of the suprascapular nerve and intra-articular corticosteroid injection for hemiplegic shoulder pain management[J]. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 2021, 20(3): 687–693.
[46] Lin M-L, Chiu H-W, Shih Z-M, et al.. Two Transcutaneous Stimulation Techniques in Shoulder Pain: Transcutaneous Pulsed Radiofrequency (TPRF) versus Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): A Comparative Pilot Study[J]. Pain Research & Management, 2019, 2019: 2823401.
[47] Taverner M G, Ward T L, Loughnan T E. Transcutaneous pulsed radiofrequency treatment in patients with painful knee awaiting total knee joint replacement[J]. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2010, 26(5): 429–432.
[48] Taverner M G, Loughnan T E, Soon C-W I. Transcutaneous application of pulsed radiofrequency treatment for shoulder pain[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2013, 13(4): 310–315.
[49] Taverner M, Loughnan T. Transcutaneous pulsed radiofrequency treatment for patients with shoulder pain booked for surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2014, 14(2): 101–108.
[50] Balogh S E. Transcutaneous application of pulsed radiofrequency: four case reports[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2004, 4(4): 310–313.
[51] Brown D E, James D C, Roy S. Pain relief by suprascapular nerve block in gleno-humeral arthritis[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1988, 17(5): 411–415.
[52] Laumonerie P, Dalmas Y, Tibbo M E, et al.. Sensory innervation of the human shoulder joint: the three bridges to break[J]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2020, 29(12): e499–e507.
[53] Esparza-Miñana J M, Mazzinari G. Adaptation of an Ultrasound-Guided Technique for Pulsed Radiofrequency on Axillary and Suprascapular Nerves in the Treatment of Shoulder Pain[J]. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2019, 20(8): 1547–1550.
[54] Kim J S, Nahm F S, Choi E J, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency lesioning of the axillary and suprascapular nerve in calcific tendinitis[J]. The Korean Journal of Pain, 2012, 25(1): 60–64.
[55] Yang C, Xu H, Wang R, et al.. The management of hemiplegic shoulder pain in stroke subjects undergoing pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the suprascapular and axillary nerves: a pilot study[J]. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 2020, 9(5): 3357–3365.
[2] Hodgetts C J, Leboeuf-Yde C, Beynon A, et al.. Shoulder pain prevalence by age and within occupational groups: a systematic review[J]. Archives of Physiotherapy, 2021, 11: 24.
[3] Djade C D, Porgo T V, Zomahoun H T V, et al.. Incidence of shoulder pain in 40 years old and over and associated factors: A systematic review[J]. European Journal of Pain (London, England), 2020, 24(1): 39–50.
[4] Lucas J, van Doorn P, Hegedus E, et al.. A systematic review of the global prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain[J]. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2022, 23: 1073.
[5] Abdelshafi M E, Yosry M, Elmulla A F, et al.. Relief of chronic shoulder pain: a comparative study of three approaches[J]. Middle East Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2011, 21(1): 83–92.
[6] Dzakpasu F Q S, Carver A, Brakenridge C J, et al.. Musculoskeletal pain and sedentary behaviour in occupational and non-occupational settings: a systematic review with meta-analysis[J]. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2021, 18(1): 159.
[7] Wright J O, Wiggins W, Smith M S, et al.. Shoulder Pain and Dysfunction After Vaccination: A Systematic Review[J]. JBJS reviews, 2023, 11(1).
[8] Giacalone A, Alessandria P, Ruberti E. The Physiotherapy Intervention for Shoulder Pain in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer: Systematic Review[J]. Cureus, 2019, 11(12): e6416.
[9] Kane T P C, Rogers P, Hazelgrove J, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency applied to the suprascapular nerve in painful cuff tear arthropathy[J]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2008, 17(3): 436–440.
[10] Wu Y-T, Ho C-W, Chen Y-L, et al.. Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency stimulation of the suprascapular nerve for adhesive capsulitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial[J]. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2014, 119(3): 686–692.
[11] M G, Ce R-G, Br T, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency of suprascapular nerve for chronic shoulder pain: a randomized double-blind active placebo-controlled study[J]. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain, Pain Pract, 2013, 13(2).
[12] Millar N L, Meakins A, Struyf F, et al.. Frozen shoulder[J]. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 2022, 8(1): 59.
[13] Hoppe M W, Brochhagen J, Tischer T, et al.. Risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports: an updated systematic review[J]. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics, 2022, 9(1): 78.
[14] Sergienko S, Kalichman L. Myofascial origin of shoulder pain: a literature review[J]. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2015, 19(1): 91–101.
[15] Lowry V, Lavigne P, Zidarov D, et al.. A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Various Shoulder Disorders[J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2024, 105(2): 411–426.
[16] Ziradkar R, Best T M, Quintero D, et al.. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory and Corticosteroid Injections for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Sports Health, 2023, 15(4): 579–591.
[17] Erdine S, Bilir A, Cosman E R, et al.. Ultrastructural changes in axons following exposure to pulsed radiofrequency fields[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2009, 9(6): 407–417.
[18] Hp S, Jm M, Vr C. Radiofrequency neurolysis in a clinical model. Neuropathological correlation[J]. Journal of neurosurgery, J Neurosurg, 1981, 55(2).
[19] Protasoni M, Reguzzoni M, Sangiorgi S, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency effects on the lumbar ganglion of the rat dorsal root: a morphological light and transmission electron microscopy study at acute stage[J]. European Spine Journal: Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2009, 18(4): 473–478.
[20] Tun K, Cemil B, Gurcay A G, et al.. Ultrastructural evaluation of Pulsed Radiofrequency and Conventional Radiofrequency lesions in rat sciatic nerve[J]. Surgical Neurology, 2009, 72(5): 496–500; discussion 501.
[21] Chua N H L, Vissers K C, Sluijter M E. Pulsed radiofrequency treatment in interventional pain management: mechanisms and potential indications-a review[J]. Acta Neurochirurgica, 2011, 153(4): 763–771.
[22] Ørstavik K, Weidner C, Schmidt R, et al.. Pathological C-fibres in patients with a chronic painful condition[J]. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2003, 126(Pt 3): 567–578.
[23] Yuan Y, Shen W, Han Q, et al.. Clinical observation of pulsed radiofrequency in treatment of knee osteoarthritis[J]. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med, 2016, 9:20050–20055.
[24] Choi S, Choi H J, Cheong Y, et al.. Internal-specific morphological analysis of sciatic nerve fibers in a radiofrequency-induced animal neuropathic pain model[J]. PloS One, 2013, 8(9): e73913.
[25] Van Zundert J, Patijn J, Kessels A, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency adjacent to the cervical dorsal root ganglion in chronic cervical radicular pain: a double blind sham controlled randomized clinical trial[J]. Pain, 2007, 127(1–2): 173–182.
[26] Rohof O J J M. Radiofrequency treatment of peripheral nerves[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2002, 2(3): 257–260.
[27] S B, A V, M F, et al.. Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a review[J]. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2007, 15(8).
[28] Jd Z, A R. Frozen shoulder: a consensus definition[J]. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2011, 20(2).
[29] Shah R V, Racz G B. Pulsed mode radiofrequency lesioning of the suprascapular nerve for the treatment of chronic shoulder pain[J]. Pain Physician, 2003, 6(4): 503–506.
[30] Huang C-C, Tsao S-L, Cheng C-Y, et al.. Treating frozen shoulder with ultrasound-guided pulsed mode radiofrequency lesioning of the suprascapular nerve: two cases[J]. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2010, 11(12): 1837–1840.
[31] Yan J, Zhang X-M. A randomized controlled trial of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency for patients with frozen shoulder[J]. Medicine, 2019, 98(1): e13917.
[32] Chang W K. Shoulder impingement syndrome[J]. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2004, 15(2): 493–510.
[33] Garving C, Jakob S, Bauer I, et al.. Impingement Syndrome of the Shoulder[J]. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 2017, 114(45): 765–776.
[34] Heron S R, Woby S R, Thompson D P. Comparison of three types of exercise in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy/shoulder impingement syndrome: A randomized controlled trial[J]. Physiotherapy, 2017, 103(2): 167–173.
[35] Gunay Ucurum S, Kaya D O, Kayali Y, et al.. Comparison of different electrotherapy methods and exercise therapy in shoulder impingement syndrome: A prospective randomized controlled trial[J]. Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica, 2018, 52(4): 249–255.
[36] Ökmen B M, Ökmen K. Comparison of photobiomodulation therapy and suprascapular nerve-pulsed radiofrequency in chronic shoulder pain: a randomized controlled, single-blind, clinical trial[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2017, 32(8): 1719–1726.
[37] Ergonenc T, Beyaz S G. Effects of ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve pulsed radiofrequency on chronic shoulder pain[J]. Medical Ultrasonography, 2018, 20(4): 461–466.
[38] Sir E, Eksert S. Ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency neuromodulation of the suprascapular nerve in partial rotator cuff tears[J]. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019, 49(5): 1524–1528.
[39] Kalichman L, Ratmansky M. Underlying pathology and associated factors of hemiplegic shoulder pain[J]. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 2011, 90(9): 768–780.
[40] Wilson R D, Chae J. Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain[J]. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2015, 26(4): 641–655.
[41] Wang Y, Li X, Sun C, et al.. Effectiveness of kinesiology taping on the functions of upper limbs in patients with stroke: a meta-analysis of randomized trial[J]. Neurological Sciences: Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2022, 43(7): 4145–4156.
[42] Xie H-M, Guo T-T, Sun X, et al.. Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin A in Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2021, 102(9): 1775–1787.
[43] Mazzola A, Spinner D. Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Shoulder Pain: Anatomic Review and Assessment of the Current Clinical Evidence[J]. Pain Physician, 2020, 23(5): E461–E474.
[44] Zhan J, Luo Y, Mao W, et al.. Efficacy of acupuncture versus rehabilitation therapy on post-stroke shoulder pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Medicine, 2023, 102(29): e34266.
[45] Kim T H, Chang M C. Comparison of the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrequency of the suprascapular nerve and intra-articular corticosteroid injection for hemiplegic shoulder pain management[J]. Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, 2021, 20(3): 687–693.
[46] Lin M-L, Chiu H-W, Shih Z-M, et al.. Two Transcutaneous Stimulation Techniques in Shoulder Pain: Transcutaneous Pulsed Radiofrequency (TPRF) versus Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): A Comparative Pilot Study[J]. Pain Research & Management, 2019, 2019: 2823401.
[47] Taverner M G, Ward T L, Loughnan T E. Transcutaneous pulsed radiofrequency treatment in patients with painful knee awaiting total knee joint replacement[J]. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2010, 26(5): 429–432.
[48] Taverner M G, Loughnan T E, Soon C-W I. Transcutaneous application of pulsed radiofrequency treatment for shoulder pain[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2013, 13(4): 310–315.
[49] Taverner M, Loughnan T. Transcutaneous pulsed radiofrequency treatment for patients with shoulder pain booked for surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2014, 14(2): 101–108.
[50] Balogh S E. Transcutaneous application of pulsed radiofrequency: four case reports[J]. Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 2004, 4(4): 310–313.
[51] Brown D E, James D C, Roy S. Pain relief by suprascapular nerve block in gleno-humeral arthritis[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1988, 17(5): 411–415.
[52] Laumonerie P, Dalmas Y, Tibbo M E, et al.. Sensory innervation of the human shoulder joint: the three bridges to break[J]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 2020, 29(12): e499–e507.
[53] Esparza-Miñana J M, Mazzinari G. Adaptation of an Ultrasound-Guided Technique for Pulsed Radiofrequency on Axillary and Suprascapular Nerves in the Treatment of Shoulder Pain[J]. Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2019, 20(8): 1547–1550.
[54] Kim J S, Nahm F S, Choi E J, et al.. Pulsed radiofrequency lesioning of the axillary and suprascapular nerve in calcific tendinitis[J]. The Korean Journal of Pain, 2012, 25(1): 60–64.
[55] Yang C, Xu H, Wang R, et al.. The management of hemiplegic shoulder pain in stroke subjects undergoing pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the suprascapular and axillary nerves: a pilot study[J]. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 2020, 9(5): 3357–3365.
Copyright © 2024 Haowei Zhan, Shilin Wang, Xiaoni Wen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License