Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v5i1.1804
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant complication of diabetes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can exacerbate the risk and worsen the prognosis of DFU, leading to a substantial economic burden on both individuals and society. There may be a relationship between CKD and DFU. This review primarily explores the potential mechanisms underlying the occurrence of DFU in CKD patients, aiming to provide a foundation and guidance for subsequent clinical treatment and management.
Keywords
hemodialysis, type 2 diabetes, diabetic foot ulcer
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[35]Otobe Y, Hiraki K, Hotta C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in older adults with pre‐dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease: Prevalence and association with physical function[J]. Nephrology, 2019, 24(1): 50-55.
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[37]Drew D A, Weiner D E, Sarnak M J. Cognitive impairment in CKD: pathophysiology, management, and prevention[J]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2019, 74(6): 782-790.
[38]Huang C W, Wee P H, Low L L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for elevated anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. General hospital psychiatry, 2021, 69: 27-40.
[2]Rodrigues B T, Vangaveti V N, Urkude R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of lower limb amputations in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: clinical research & reviews, 2022, 16(2): 102397.
[3]Chen L, Sun S, Gao Y, et al. Global mortality of diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies[J]. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2023, 25(1): 36-45.
[4]He Y, Qian H, Xu L, et al. Association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2017, 177(1): 41-50.
[5]Game F L, Chipchase S Y, Hubbard R, et al. Temporal association between the incidence of foot ulceration and the start of dialysis in diabetes mellitus[J]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006, 21(11): 3207-3210.
[6]Ndip A, Rutter M K, Vileikyte L, et al. Dialysis treatment is an independent risk factor for foot ulceration in patients with diabetes and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease[J]. Diabetes care, 2010, 33(8): 1811-1816.
[7]Salim M. Clinical outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease hospitalized with diabetic foot disorders: a nationwide retrospective study[J]. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, 2021, 4(3): e00277.
[8]Brekelmans W, Borger van der Burg BLS, Vroom MA, Kreuger MJ, Schrander van der Meer AM, Hoencamp R. Prevalence of foot ulcers in dialysis-dependent patients. Wound Repair Regen. 2019;27(6):687-692.
[9]Lin Y C, Chang Y H, Yang S Y, et al. Update of pathophysiology and management of diabetic kidney disease[J]. Journal of the formosan Medical Association, 2018, 117(8): 662-675.
[10]Barutta F, Bellini S, Gruden G. Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy[J]. Clinical Science, 2022, 136(7): 493-520.
[11]Rabbani N, Thornalley P J. Advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease[J]. Kidney international, 2018, 93(4): 803-813.
[12]Yang J, Huang J, Wei S, et al. Urine Albumin-Creatinine ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis[J]. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2021, 180: 109043.
[13]Hong X, Huang L, Zhang Y, et al. Stronger association of albuminuria with the risk of vascular complications than estimated glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetes[J]. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, 2021, 46(5): 550-562.
[14]Jiang W, Chen M, Huang J, et al. Proteinuria is independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis: a multicentric study[J]. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2021, 21: 1-10.
[15]Barrett E J, Liu Z, Khamaisi M, et al. Diabetic microvascular disease: an endocrine society scientific statement[J]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2017, 102(12): 4343-4410.
[16]Ndip A, Lavery L A, Boulton A J M. Diabetic foot disease in people with advanced nephropathy and those on renal dialysis[J]. Current diabetes reports, 2010, 10: 283-290.
[17]Bandyk DF. The diabetic foot: Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. Semin Vasc Surg. 2018;31:43–48.
[18]Baumgaertel M W, Kraemer M, Berlit P. Neurologic complications of acute and chronic renal disease[J]. Handbook of clinical neurology, 2014, 119: 383-393.
[19]Pieniazek A, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J, Gwozdzinski L. Uremic toxins and their relation with oxidative stress induced in patients with CKD[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(12): 6196.
[20]Kiernan M C, Walters R J L, Andersen K V, et al. Nerve excitability changes in chronic renal failure indicate membrane depolarization due to hyperkalaemia[J]. Brain, 2002, 125(6): 1366-1378.
[21]Kaminski M R, Raspovic A, McMahon L P, et al. Risk factors for foot ulceration and lower extremity amputation in adults with end-stage renal disease on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2015, 30(10): 1747-1766.
[22]Ghaderian S B, Hayati F, Shayanpour S, et al. Diabetes and end-stage renal disease; a review article on new concepts[J]. Journal of renal injury prevention, 2015, 4(2): 28.
[23]Cohen G. Immune dysfunction in uremia 2020[J]. Toxins, 2020, 12(7): 439.
[24]Naqvi S B, Collins A J. Infectious complications in chronic kidney disease[J]. Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2006, 13(3): 199-204.
[25]Knauf F, Brewer J R, Flavell R A. Immunity, microbiota and kidney disease[J]. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 2019, 15(5): 263-274.
[26]Thaiss C A, Levy M, Grosheva I, et al. Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection[J]. Science, 2018, 359(6382): 1376-1383.
[27]Rhee J J, Zheng Y, Liu S, et al. Glycemic control and infections among US hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Kidney International Reports, 2020, 5(7): 1014-1025.
[28]Ling J, Ng J K C, Chan J C N, et al. Use of continuous glucose monitoring in the assessment and management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease[J]. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022, 13: 869899.
[29]Deng L, Du C, Song P, et al. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic wound healing[J]. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2021, 2021.
[30]Rouland A, Fourmont C, Sberna A L, et al. Malnutrition in type 2 diabetic patients does not affect healing of foot ulcers[J]. Acta diabetologica, 2019, 56: 171-176.
[31]Zha Y, Qian Q. Protein Nutrition and Malnutrition in CKD and ESRD. Nutrients. 2017 Feb 27;9(3):208.
[32]Bechara N, Gunton JE, Flood V, Hng TM, McGloin C. Associations between Nutrients and Foot Ulceration in Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 27;13(8):2576.
[33]Pernat A M, Peršič V, Usvyat L, et al. Implementation of routine foot check in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis: associations with outcomes[J]. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 2016, 4(1): e000158.
[34]Chin Y F, Huang T T, Hsu B R S, et al. Factors associated with foot ulcer self‐management behaviours among hospitalised patients with diabetes[J]. Journal of clinical nursing, 2019, 28(11-12): 2253-2264.
[35]Otobe Y, Hiraki K, Hotta C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in older adults with pre‐dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease: Prevalence and association with physical function[J]. Nephrology, 2019, 24(1): 50-55.
[36]Zhao Y, Song P, Zhang H, et al. Relationship between physical performance and mild cognitive impairment in elderly hemodialysis patients is modified by the presence of diabetes: A multicenter cross-sectional study[J]. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022, 13: 897728.
[37]Drew D A, Weiner D E, Sarnak M J. Cognitive impairment in CKD: pathophysiology, management, and prevention[J]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2019, 74(6): 782-790.
[38]Huang C W, Wee P H, Low L L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for elevated anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. General hospital psychiatry, 2021, 69: 27-40.
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