Research Progress on the Function of Chk2 Protein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v3i1.718
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) is a cell cycle monitoring kinase that exists widely in mammals. CHK2 is activated by phosphorylation and has a series of reactions with a variety of downstream proteins, which are active in various cellular reactions of organisms, such as DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In this review, various biological functions of CHK2 are reviewed, with emphasis on cell cycle control, apoptosis, attenuated angiogenic mimicvm formation and autophagy in tumor cells with p53 mutation. The summary of this review will help us to have a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of CHK2, and provide more effective treatment options for some diseases through the study of CHK2.
Keywords
CHK2, DDR, autophagy, cell cycle
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[3] Jun Q, Jiang L, Zixing C., Chk2 and cell cycle regulation[J]. FOREIGN MEDICAL SCIENCE(MOLECULAR BIOLOGY SECTION) 2003, 25(4); 215-218.
[4] Bartek J, Falck J, Lukas J. CHK2 kinase--a busy messenger.[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2001, 2(12):877-86.
[5] Ma R B, Yang D G, Sun C Y, et al. Study on Chk2 expression in primary liver cancer and non-tumor liver tissue[J]. Guizhou Medical Journal, 2012.
[6] Osanai K, Tsuchihara C, Hatta R, et al. Pulmonary surfactant transport in alveolar type II cells[J]. Respirology, 2010, 11(s1):S70-S73.
[7] Hui L, Yuchao Z, et al., Expression of proto-oncogene c-myc, MDM2 and anti-oncogene p53 induced by different concentrations of formaldehyde. China Environmental Science, 2013, 33(8):1483-1486.
[8] Voorhout, W.F., T.E. Weaver, H.P. Haagsman, et al., Biosynthetic routing of pulmonary surfactant proteins in alveolar type II cells. Microsc Res Tech, 1993. 26(5):366-373.
[9] Fan W H, Zhan Q M. [BRCA1 and genomic stability][J]. Chinese journal of cancer, 2003, 22(3):331-335.
[10] Dietl, P., T. Haller, N. Mair, et al., Mechanisms of surfactant exocytosis in alveolar type II cells in vitro and in vivo. News Physiol Sci, 2001, 16:239-43.
[11] Han, S. and R.K. Mallampalli, The Role of Surfactant in Lung Disease and Host Defense against Pulmonary Infections. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2015, 12(5):765-74.
[12] Yan X, Yan P, Xue J, et al. Effect of ATM/CHK2/CDC25A Signal Pathway on the Resistance of Colorectal Cancer Cells to L-OHP[J]. Medicinal Plant Research: English Edition, 2021, 12(3):3.
[13] Lemaire M, Prime J, Ducommun B, et al. Evolutionary conservation of a novel splice variant of the Cds1/CHK2 checkpoint kinase restricted to its regulatory domain[J]. Cell Cycle, 2004, 3(10):1267-1270.
[14] Carrassa L, Broggini M, Erba E, et al. Chk1, but not Chk2, is Involved in the Cellular Response to DNA Damaging Agents: Differential Activity in Cells Expressing, or not, p53[J]. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 2004, 3(9):1177-1181.
[15] Jun, Xue, Yan, et al. Low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity in human hepatocellular HepG2 cells is associated with Cdc25C-mediated G2/M cell cycle checkpoint control.[J]. International journal of radiation biology, 2016.
[16] Chun J, Chau S S, Maingat F G, et al. Phosphorylation of Cdc25C by pp90Rsk contributes to a G2 cell cycle arrest in Xenopus cycling egg extracts.[J]. Cell Cycle, 2005, 4(1):148-154.
[17] Nai S, Shi Y, Ru H, et al. Chk2-dependent phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) regulates centrosome maturation[J]. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 2019, 18(20):1-9.
[18] Wang N, Wang YJ. The role of cell cycle detection point kinase 2 in regulating DNA damage and maintaining chromosome stability [J]. Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy, 2012, 19(2):5.
[19] Yu, P., Zhu, X., Zhu, JL. et al. The Chk2-PKM2 axis promotes metabolic control of vasculogenic mimicry formation in p53-mutated triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene, 2021, 40:5262–5274. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-01933-z
[20] Lulli Matteo et al. DNA damage response protein CHK2 regulates metabolism in liver cancer.[J]. Cancer research, 2021.
[21] Wong N, Ojo D, Yan J, et a1. PKM2 contributes to cancer metabolism. Cancer Letter, 2014.
[22] Jang S, Nelson JC, Bend EG, Rodríguez-Laureano L, Tueros FG, Cartagenova L, et al. Glycolytic enzymes localize to synapses under energy stress to support synaptic function. Neuron, 2016;90:278–91.
[23] Qi-Qiang Guo, Shan-Shan Wang, Shan-Shan Zhang, ATM-CHK2-Beclin 1 axis promotes autophagy to maintain ROS homeostasis under oxidative stress. 2020 EMBO journal.
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