Smart Urban Design - A Conceptual and Methodological Integration Proposal
Journal: Journal of Building Technology DOI: 10.32629/jbt.v7i1.3691
Abstract
Technological breakthroughs have radically changed the way people live. Gathering information has become faster, communication has grown wider and more accessible, and it is now possible to know what is happening in other parts of the world in real time. Additionally, new spatial dimensions of interaction have emerged through virtual communities. Concepts such as hyperconnectivity, Big data, and the Internet of Things have arisen from the sophisticated generation, processing, and exploitation of information. Many nouns have been qualified as "intelligent", including cellphones, televisions, automobiles, governments, houses, territories, and even cities. But how do we design an intelligent city? The development of tools that adapt urban design to this new category of cities and that allow urban decision-making to be taken into account is fundamental. This document aims to contribute to the urban city discussion and propose an adequate design method tailored to its characteristics. A first version of this work was published in the magazine "Legado" from the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico in 2019. Now, an updated version is presented, incorporating all urban planning exercises put into practice during the period 2019 - 2023.
Keywords
urban design; smart city; urban data; urban planning; methodology urban
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[2] Alizadeh Tooran (2021). Global trends of smart cities. a comparative analysis of geography, city size, governance, and urban planning. Elsevier Science Ed. https://www.aeiciberseguridad.es/descargas/categoria6/8883484.pdf
[3] Alva, B., Narvaez, F., & Martinez, A. (2017). Diseño urbano centrado en la persona. Una propuesta para enfrentar los retos urbanos en América Latina. Planeo, 1-15. Obtenido de http://revistaplaneo.cl/wp-content/uploads/Arti%CC%81culo_AlvaNarvaezMartinez.pdf
[4] Bašová, S., & Štefancová, L. (Enero de 2017). Creative and Smart Public Spaces. Obtenido de www.researchgate.org: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317167769_Creative_And_Smart_Public_Spaces
[5] Bélissent, J. (2010). Getting clever about smart cities. Obtenido de Forrester: http://193.40.244.77/iot/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/getting_clever_about_smart_cities_new_opportunities.pdf
[6] BID. (2016). La ruta hacia las Smart Cities. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Obtenido de https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7743/La-ruta-hacia-las-smart-cities-Migrando-de-una-gestion-tradicional-a-la-ciudad-inteligente.pdf
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[8] Borja, J. (2012). Revolución urbana y derechos ciudadanos: Claves para interpretar las contradicciones de la ciudad actual. Obtenido de TESIS DOCTORAL DE JORDI BORJA : https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/83360/01.JBS_1de2.pdf?sequence=1
[9] Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., & Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: from big data to big impact. MIS Quarterly: Business Intelligence Research, 1165-1188. Obtenido de https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f5fe/b79e04b2e7b61d17a6df79a44faf358e60cd.pdf
[10] Chiehyeon, L., Kim, K.-J., & Maglio, P. (2018). Smart cities with big data: reference models, challenges, and considerations. Cities, 86-99.
[11] Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Scholl, H. (2012). Understanding smart cities: an integrative framework. Obtenido de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254051893_Understanding_Smart_Cities_An_Integrative_Framework
[12] Gómez, V. A., Hernandez, C., & Rivas, E. (2018). Visión General, Características y Funcionalidades de la Red Eléctrica Inteligente (Smart Grid). Información Tecnológica, 89-102.
[13] Fernández , V. (2016). Riesgos de la ciudad (digital) del futuro: control, guetización y desarraigo. Revista de Investigación Social, vol. 13, núm. 32, 15-35.
[14] Gehl, J. (2010). Ciudades para la gente. Obtenido de http://cisav.mx: http://cisav.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/M4T3.-Gehl-Jan-Ciudades-para-la-gente-cap.-1.pdf
[15] Gianni , F., Mora, S., & Divitini, M. (2016). IoT for smart city learning: towards requirements for an authoring tool. Obtenido de http://ceur-ws.org: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1602/paper3.pdf
[16] Giffinger, R. (2007). Smart cities ranking of European medium-sized cities. Obtenido de www.smart-cities.eu: http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
[17] Hall, R. (https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/773961 de 2000). The Vision of A Smart City. Obtenido de osti.gov.
[18] Hollands, R. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Obtenido de http://labos.ulg.ac.be: http://labos.ulg.ac.be/smart-city/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2017/03/Lecture-MODULE-3-2008-Will-the-real-smart-city-please-stand-up-Hollands.pdf
[19] INEGI. (2018). Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en los Hogares. Obtenido de www.inegi.org.mx: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2019/OtrTemEcon/ENDUTIH_2018.pdf
[20] Ishida, T. (2000). Understanding Digital Cities. Obtenido de Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.75.2175&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[21] Kitchin, R. (2013). The real-time city? big data and smart urbanism. Obtenido de SSRN Electronic Journal: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314410892_The_Real-Time_City_Big_Data_and_Smart_Urbanism
[22] Kitchin, R. (2014). Getting smarter about smart cities: improving data privacy and data security. Obtenido de www.taoiseach.gov.ie: https://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Publications/Publications_2016/Smart_Cities_Report_January_2016.pdf
[23] Komninos, N. (2006). The architecture of intelligent cities. Obtenido de urenio.org: http://www.urenio.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/2006-The-Architecture-of-Intel-Cities-IE06.pdf
[24] Komninos, N. (2008). Intelligent cities and globalization of innovation networks. Obtenido de http://www.stellenboschheritage.co.za: http://www.stellenboschheritage.co.za/wp-content/uploads/Intelligent-Cities-and-Globalisation-of-Innovation-Networks.pdf
[25] Komninos, N., Tsarchoupoulos, P., & Kakderi, C. (2014). New services design for smart cities: a planning roadmap for user-driven innovation. Obtenido de URENIO Research: http://www.urenio.org/komninos/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/New-services-design-for-smart-cities.pdf
[26] Leydesdorff, L., & Deakin, M. (2010). The triple helix model and the meta-stabilization of urban technologies in smart cities. Obtenido de www.arxiv.org.
[27] Lipman, A., Sugarman, A., & Cushman, R. (1986). Teleports and the intelligent city. Obtenido de sugarlaw.com: http://www.sugarlaw.com/publications/teleport/teleports-all-dow-jones.pdf
[28] Liugailaite, L., & Jucevicius, R. (2014). Going to be an intelligent city. Obtenido de Elsevier: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042814059515/1-s2.0-S1877042814059515-main.pdf?_tid=163b8590-130f-11e8-bb7b-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1518781796_e2bcfe5ab6d48bd33561a0054ba1bf7d
[29] Nam, T., & Pardo, T. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institution. Obtenido de Researchgate.com: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221585167_Conceptualizing_smart_city_with_dimensions_of_technology_people_and_institutions
[30] Nam, T., & Pardo, T. (Septiembre de 2011). Smart city as urban innovation: focusing on management, policy, and context. Obtenido de www.researchgate.com: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221547712_Smart_city_as_urban_innovation_Focusing_on_management_policy_and_context
[31] Nicos, K., & Mora, L. (2018). Exploring the big picture of smart city. Obtenido de ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319598847
[32] Poveda, J. A. (2009). Métodos de diseño basados en evidencia aplicados al diseño de un área residencial. Obtenido de Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
[33] SBB. (Marzo de 2018). Smart public space. En A. (Riedle, Smart cities: SBB contribution (págs. 14-16). Switzerland: Real Estate Development. Obtenido de www.sbb-realestate.ch: https://www.sbb-realestate.ch/sites/default/files/downloads/SBB_SmartCity_Positionspapier_A4_V13_EN_Web_0.pdf
[34] Sevillano, F. (2015). Big data. Economia Industrial, 71-86.
[35] Washburn, D., & Sindhu, U. (2010). Helping CIOs understand "smart city" initiatives. Obtenido de Forrester: https://www.forrester.com/report/Helping+CIOs+Understand+Smart+City+Initiatives/-/E-RES55590
[2] Alizadeh Tooran (2021). Global trends of smart cities. a comparative analysis of geography, city size, governance, and urban planning. Elsevier Science Ed. https://www.aeiciberseguridad.es/descargas/categoria6/8883484.pdf
[3] Alva, B., Narvaez, F., & Martinez, A. (2017). Diseño urbano centrado en la persona. Una propuesta para enfrentar los retos urbanos en América Latina. Planeo, 1-15. Obtenido de http://revistaplaneo.cl/wp-content/uploads/Arti%CC%81culo_AlvaNarvaezMartinez.pdf
[4] Bašová, S., & Štefancová, L. (Enero de 2017). Creative and Smart Public Spaces. Obtenido de www.researchgate.org: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317167769_Creative_And_Smart_Public_Spaces
[5] Bélissent, J. (2010). Getting clever about smart cities. Obtenido de Forrester: http://193.40.244.77/iot/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/getting_clever_about_smart_cities_new_opportunities.pdf
[6] BID. (2016). La ruta hacia las Smart Cities. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Obtenido de https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/7743/La-ruta-hacia-las-smart-cities-Migrando-de-una-gestion-tradicional-a-la-ciudad-inteligente.pdf
[7] BID. (22 de Noviembre de 2018). Construyendo ciudades inteligentes en América Latina y el Caribe. Obtenido de Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo: https://blogs.iadb.org/ciudades-sostenibles/es/ciudadesinteligentes-smartcities-americalatina-caribe/
[8] Borja, J. (2012). Revolución urbana y derechos ciudadanos: Claves para interpretar las contradicciones de la ciudad actual. Obtenido de TESIS DOCTORAL DE JORDI BORJA : https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/83360/01.JBS_1de2.pdf?sequence=1
[9] Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., & Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: from big data to big impact. MIS Quarterly: Business Intelligence Research, 1165-1188. Obtenido de https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f5fe/b79e04b2e7b61d17a6df79a44faf358e60cd.pdf
[10] Chiehyeon, L., Kim, K.-J., & Maglio, P. (2018). Smart cities with big data: reference models, challenges, and considerations. Cities, 86-99.
[11] Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Scholl, H. (2012). Understanding smart cities: an integrative framework. Obtenido de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254051893_Understanding_Smart_Cities_An_Integrative_Framework
[12] Gómez, V. A., Hernandez, C., & Rivas, E. (2018). Visión General, Características y Funcionalidades de la Red Eléctrica Inteligente (Smart Grid). Información Tecnológica, 89-102.
[13] Fernández , V. (2016). Riesgos de la ciudad (digital) del futuro: control, guetización y desarraigo. Revista de Investigación Social, vol. 13, núm. 32, 15-35.
[14] Gehl, J. (2010). Ciudades para la gente. Obtenido de http://cisav.mx: http://cisav.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/M4T3.-Gehl-Jan-Ciudades-para-la-gente-cap.-1.pdf
[15] Gianni , F., Mora, S., & Divitini, M. (2016). IoT for smart city learning: towards requirements for an authoring tool. Obtenido de http://ceur-ws.org: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1602/paper3.pdf
[16] Giffinger, R. (2007). Smart cities ranking of European medium-sized cities. Obtenido de www.smart-cities.eu: http://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
[17] Hall, R. (https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/773961 de 2000). The Vision of A Smart City. Obtenido de osti.gov.
[18] Hollands, R. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? Obtenido de http://labos.ulg.ac.be: http://labos.ulg.ac.be/smart-city/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2017/03/Lecture-MODULE-3-2008-Will-the-real-smart-city-please-stand-up-Hollands.pdf
[19] INEGI. (2018). Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en los Hogares. Obtenido de www.inegi.org.mx: https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2019/OtrTemEcon/ENDUTIH_2018.pdf
[20] Ishida, T. (2000). Understanding Digital Cities. Obtenido de Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.75.2175&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[21] Kitchin, R. (2013). The real-time city? big data and smart urbanism. Obtenido de SSRN Electronic Journal: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314410892_The_Real-Time_City_Big_Data_and_Smart_Urbanism
[22] Kitchin, R. (2014). Getting smarter about smart cities: improving data privacy and data security. Obtenido de www.taoiseach.gov.ie: https://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Publications/Publications_2016/Smart_Cities_Report_January_2016.pdf
[23] Komninos, N. (2006). The architecture of intelligent cities. Obtenido de urenio.org: http://www.urenio.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/2006-The-Architecture-of-Intel-Cities-IE06.pdf
[24] Komninos, N. (2008). Intelligent cities and globalization of innovation networks. Obtenido de http://www.stellenboschheritage.co.za: http://www.stellenboschheritage.co.za/wp-content/uploads/Intelligent-Cities-and-Globalisation-of-Innovation-Networks.pdf
[25] Komninos, N., Tsarchoupoulos, P., & Kakderi, C. (2014). New services design for smart cities: a planning roadmap for user-driven innovation. Obtenido de URENIO Research: http://www.urenio.org/komninos/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/New-services-design-for-smart-cities.pdf
[26] Leydesdorff, L., & Deakin, M. (2010). The triple helix model and the meta-stabilization of urban technologies in smart cities. Obtenido de www.arxiv.org.
[27] Lipman, A., Sugarman, A., & Cushman, R. (1986). Teleports and the intelligent city. Obtenido de sugarlaw.com: http://www.sugarlaw.com/publications/teleport/teleports-all-dow-jones.pdf
[28] Liugailaite, L., & Jucevicius, R. (2014). Going to be an intelligent city. Obtenido de Elsevier: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042814059515/1-s2.0-S1877042814059515-main.pdf?_tid=163b8590-130f-11e8-bb7b-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1518781796_e2bcfe5ab6d48bd33561a0054ba1bf7d
[29] Nam, T., & Pardo, T. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institution. Obtenido de Researchgate.com: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221585167_Conceptualizing_smart_city_with_dimensions_of_technology_people_and_institutions
[30] Nam, T., & Pardo, T. (Septiembre de 2011). Smart city as urban innovation: focusing on management, policy, and context. Obtenido de www.researchgate.com: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221547712_Smart_city_as_urban_innovation_Focusing_on_management_policy_and_context
[31] Nicos, K., & Mora, L. (2018). Exploring the big picture of smart city. Obtenido de ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319598847
[32] Poveda, J. A. (2009). Métodos de diseño basados en evidencia aplicados al diseño de un área residencial. Obtenido de Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
[33] SBB. (Marzo de 2018). Smart public space. En A. (Riedle, Smart cities: SBB contribution (págs. 14-16). Switzerland: Real Estate Development. Obtenido de www.sbb-realestate.ch: https://www.sbb-realestate.ch/sites/default/files/downloads/SBB_SmartCity_Positionspapier_A4_V13_EN_Web_0.pdf
[34] Sevillano, F. (2015). Big data. Economia Industrial, 71-86.
[35] Washburn, D., & Sindhu, U. (2010). Helping CIOs understand "smart city" initiatives. Obtenido de Forrester: https://www.forrester.com/report/Helping+CIOs+Understand+Smart+City+Initiatives/-/E-RES55590
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