孟加拉国地下水砷污染：环境健康灾难及其全球治理启示
Journal: Ecological Environment and Protection DOI: 10.32629/eep.v9i3.3138
Abstract
孟加拉国地下水砷污染事件是全球最严重的慢性环境健康危机之一,具有暴露人口多 、持续时间长和危害影响深远等特点。该事件起源于20世纪70年代为减少水传播疾 病而大规模推广管井取水的公共卫生实践,但由于当时缺乏对地下水砷污染的系统检 测,导致大量居民长期饮用受污染井水,进而形成持续性的健康暴露。长期摄入无机 砷可引发皮肤病变、癌症及心血管疾病、糖尿病等多种慢性健康风险,并对儿童、孕 妇等脆弱群体造成更大伤害。与此同时,砷污染还加剧了贫困、社会歧视、教育受限 和性别不平等等社会问题,使其影响超出传统环境污染和公共卫生范畴。尽管孟加拉 国政府及国际社会已采取受污染水井检测、替代水源供应和健康教育等措施,但受制 于经济条件、基础设施和治理能力,相关干预的覆盖面和持续性仍然有限。孟加拉国 地下水砷污染事件表明,慢性环境暴露问题不仅是区域性饮水安全问题,更是涉及环 境正义与全球治理能力的重要议题。未来应从安全饮水保障、公共卫生干预、风险 传播和国际合作等方面协同推进,构建更加公平和可持续的环境健康治理体系。
Keywords
孟加拉国；地下水砷污染；环境健康；砷中毒；全球治理
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[3] Smith AH,Lingas EO,Rahman M.Contamination of drinki ng-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: a public health emergency [J].Bull World Health Organ,2000,78(9):1093-1103.
[4] Ahmad SA, Khan MH. Ground water arsenic contamination and its health effects in Bangladesh[M]// Flora SJS. Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology.USA:Academic Press Publishers,2015:51- 72.
[5] Yunus FM,Khan S,Chowdhury P,Milton AH,Hussain S,Rahm an M.A Review of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangl adesh:The Millennium Development Goal Era and Beyond[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2016,13(2):215-218.
[6] DPHE/BGS/MML.Groundwater Studies for Arsenic Contam ination in Bangladesh. Phase I:Rapid Investigation Phase[R].UK: British Geological Survey and Mott MacDonald Ltd,1999.
[7] 罗婷,景传勇.地下水砷污染形成机制研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):7.
[8] 陈同斌,王焰新.地下水砷污染的形成机制与防治技术[J].地球科学进展,2005,20( 2):177-183.
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[11] Rossman TG,Uddin AN,Burns FJ. Evidence that arsenite acts as a cocarcinogen in skin cancer[J].Toxicol Appl Pharma col,2004,198(3):394-404.
[12] Lai MS,Hsueh YM,Chen CJ,et al.Ingested inorganic arse nic and prevalence of diabetes mellitus[J].Am J Epidemiol,1994, 139(5):484-492.
[13] Ahmed AA, Masrur M, Jahir Bin Alam AA, Mabrur Ahmed A. Evaluation of socio-economic impact of arsenic contamina tion in Bangladesh[J].Journal of Toxicology and Environment al Health Sciences,2011,3(10):298-307.
[14] Ahmad SA, Khan MH, Haque M. Arsenic contamination in groundwater in Bangladesh: implications and challenges for healthcare policy[J].Risk Manage Health Policy,2018,11:251- 261.
[15] Hanchett S.The arsenic problem in Bangladesh:A revi ew and commentary[J].Journal of Water,Sanitation and Hygiene for Development,2014,4(2):208-216.
[16] Islam MS, Phoungthong K,Islam ARMT,et al.Present stat us and mitigation approaches of arsenic in the environment of Bangladesh:A critical review[J].Int J Environ Sci Technol,2023, 20:13883-13894.
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