儿童抽动障碍诊治新进展
Journal: Basic Medical Theory Research DOI: 10.32629/bmtr.v8i3.20483
Abstract
儿童抽动障碍是起病于儿童和青少年时期的神经发育障碍性疾病，以不自主、反复、突发、快速的运动抽动和（或）发声抽动为核心临床表现，常合并注意缺陷多动障碍、强迫症、情绪障碍等多种共病，严重影响患儿身心健康、学业学习、社交互动及长期心理发展。近年来，随着神经影像学、分子生物学、肠道微生态学、临床循证医学的快速发展，该病在发病机制阐释、诊断评估体系完善、个体化治疗方案优化及长期全周期管理模式构建等方面均取得突破性进展，临床诊疗理念从单纯症状控制转向功能修复与综合管理。本文结合2022-2026年国内外最新临床指南、专家共识及中文核心、SCI期刊研究成果，系统梳理儿童抽动障碍病因机制、精准分层诊断、药物与非药物治疗、共病协同管理、难治性病例救治及长期随访的最新研究进展，深入剖析临床诊疗难点与应对策略，为儿科临床规范化、精准化诊疗提供全面参考，助力提升儿童抽动障碍的整体诊疗水平，改善患儿远期生活质量。
Keywords
儿童；抽动障碍；Tourette综合征；诊治进展；精准治疗；共病管理；全周期管理
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[3] AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with tic disorders[J]. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2023, 62(5): 567-585.
[4] 刘智胜,罗燕.儿童抽动障碍神经调控治疗研究进展[J].中国实用儿科杂志,2024,39(1):11-15.
[5] JOHNSON K A, WORBE Y, FOOTE K D, et al. Tourette syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment[J]. Lancet Neurology, 2023, 22(2): 147-158.
[6] QI Y J, ZHENG Y, LI Z J, et al. Genetic studies of tic disorders and Tourette syndrome[J]. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2019, 2011: 547-571.
[7] 张雯,李廷玉.儿童抽动障碍表观遗传机制研究进展[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2024,39(8):625-628.
[8] 中华医学会儿科学分会神经学组.儿童抽动障碍共患注意缺陷多动障碍诊断与治疗专家共识[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2025,40(11):801-808.
[9] WANG Y, LI J, ZHANG H. Gut-brain axis: a novel target for the treatment of Tourette syndrome in children[J]. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2024, 12: 1328947.
[10] 郑帼,陆小彦.儿童抽动障碍规范化诊断流程与鉴别诊断要点[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2024,26(3):225-230.
[11] 中华医学会儿科学分会神经学组.心理行为干预治疗儿童抽动障碍专家共识（2026）[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2026,41(3):168-173.
[12] SHERIF A, DUPUIS A, SHACHAR R, et al. Exploring the nature of ADHD comorbidity in tic disorders[J]. University of Toronto Journal of Public Health, 2024, 5(1): 45-52.
[13] 陈燕惠,陈珊.儿童抽动障碍综合行为干预临床应用指南[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2025,33(4):445-448.
[14] 李翠玲,王丽.可乐定透皮贴片治疗儿童抽动障碍的临床疗效与安全性分析[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2024,43(5):302-306.
[15] LIU Z, YANG L, CHEN S, et al. Clinical characteristics and pharmacotherapy choices in children newly diagnosed with tic disorders in China: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2025, 13: 1377683.
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