Treasure Island stands as a landmark work in British maritime literature, representing a new direction of the genre during the mid-to-late 19th century. Through its narrative of collective memory, the novel articulates Victorian era national identity by constructing three interconnected memories that coalesce into Britain’s dominant ideology. First, Jim Hawkins’ personal growth narration links adventure, courage, and masculinity cultivation to establish an ideal model for future imperial citizens. Second, selective recollections of pirate history which portrays Silver as chaotic, greedy character, thereby shaping Britain’s cultural identity through contrast with these negative examples. Finally, the material memory carrier of searching for the treasure map symbolizes the retrieval and reinterpretation of buried colonial history. This thesis reveals that Treasure Island is not merely an adventure novel, but a literary work that purifies the chaotic colonial history into a story about British national identity through analyzing these memories.