Traditional ethnic instrumental music is an important part of Chinese music culture, carrying the accumulation of art and culture. The modern music industry is developing rapidly, and popular music has become mainstream. This article explores the integration path of traditional ethnic instrumental music techniques and modern popular music orchestration, using literature, case studies, and comparative research methods to sort out core techniques, analyze orchestration rules, and explore innovative models. Research has shown that fusion can enrich expressiveness and enhance value, and fusion needs to follow aesthetic principles. This strategy provides feasible paths for creators.