凤梨在缺氧胁迫下的生长维持与离子稳态机制

Journal: Agricultural Science DOI: 10.32629/as.v9i5.3941

张旭丽, 苏筱雅, 洪宇, 谢桃, 黄鑫

佛山大学

Abstract

本研究针对凤梨主产区夏季易发的渍害(缺氧)胁迫问题,探讨了不同耐渍性凤梨品种 的生长维持与离子稳态调控机制。试验以耐渍品种‘金钻’(JZ)和渍害敏感品种‘红苞 ’(HB)为材料,通过水培模拟缺氧胁迫,系统测定了植株生长指标、组织钾离子含量, 并利用非损伤微电极技术(MIFE)动态监测了根系K+、H+离子流对瞬时与长期缺氧的 响应。结果表明,缺氧胁迫显著抑制了凤梨幼苗的生长,但耐渍品种JZ的株高、根长 及生物量降幅均显著低于敏感品种HB。在离子稳态方面,JZ根系在胁迫下能保持更高 的钾离子含量,K+流失率(23.8%)显著低于HB(49.3%)。离子流检测进一步揭示,JZ在 缺氧胁迫下能维持更低的K+外排速率和更高的H+外排能力,表明其具有更强的质子泵 (H+- ATPase)活性以稳定跨膜电化学梯度,从而减少钾离子外流。综上所述,耐渍凤梨品种 通过更强的生长维持能力、高效的根系钾离子保持机制以及活跃的质子泵功能来协 同应对缺氧胁迫,这对于解析凤梨耐渍生理机制及选育耐涝品种具有重要理论意义。

Keywords

凤梨;缺氧胁迫;离子稳态;生理响应

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