Architecture Engineering and Science

Khusro Bagh, located in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), India, is a prominent Mughal-era Garden and burial complex that reflects the grandeur and architectural sophistication of the Mughal period. Spanning approximately 40 acres, the site comprises four primary tombs, those of Shah Begum, Nisar Begum, Khusro Mirza, and Bibi Tamolon, interwoven with Persian Charbagh-inspired landscapes, ornamental pathways, and water features. Built during the reign of Emperor Jahangir, the garden was named after Prince Khusro, symbolizing the historical significance of his tragic life and rebellion against his father. The tombs exhibit a rich blend of Indo-Islamic, Persian, and Rajput architectural styles, characterized by sandstone construction, bulbous domes, intricate jaalis, floral patterns, and geometric ornamentation. This paper utilizes a case study approach, documenting the architectural features, spatial organization, and historical context of Khusro Bagh. Photographic documentation and zoning diagrams reveal the careful planning of built and unbuilt spaces, the circulation patterns, and the integration of natural and man-made elements. The site’s elevated plinths; elaborately carved corbels, fretwork, and arabesque calligraphy highlight the Mughal emphasis on ornamentation and symmetry. Additionally, the functionality of water systems, including fountains and wells, demonstrates the engineering ingenuity of the period. The historical narratives surrounding the site, such as the political tensions between Prince Khusro and Emperor Jahangir, Shah Begum’s tragic demise, and the architectural patronage by Mughal rulers is discussed in this paper. This paper not only emphasizes the need to preserve Khusro Bagh as a heritage site but also offers insights into Mughal architectural practices, enriching our understanding of India’s historical and cultural legacy. The study contributes to broader discussions on heritage conservation, landscape design, and architectural innovation in historical contexts.