光伏电站建设对土壤环境的影响综述
Journal: Ecological Environment and Protection DOI: 10.12238/eep.v8i3.2624
Abstract
随着全球对可再生能源的需求日益增加,光伏电站作为一种重要的清洁能源技术,在推动能源转型和应对气候变化方面发挥着重要作用,其规模化建设日益加快。然而,光伏电站对土壤环境的潜在影响逐渐受到关注。本文系统梳理了当前光伏电站建设过程中对土壤环境的主要干扰路径,涵盖土壤结构破坏、理化性质变化、微气候调节及微生物群落组成改变等方面。研究发现,光伏板的遮阴效应显著改变了地表温湿条件,进而影响土壤水分循环和有机质含量；场地压实与土地覆被改变则导致土壤通气性下降和养分流失；与此同时,土壤微生物多样性与功能结构亦发生显著变化,可能削弱土壤生态功能。针对上述问题,本文进一步探讨了“农光互补”等生态调控模式在缓解土壤退化、促进土地可持续利用方面的作用。结果表明,合理的空间布局与生态修复措施可有效提升光伏用地的生态承载力,降低其对土壤系统的负面影响。本研究为评估光伏电站生态风险、制定科学建设规范及推动可再生能源绿色发展提供了理论依据与政策参考。
Keywords
光伏电站；土壤环境；植被；土壤微生物
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