灰绿藜（Chenopodium glaucum）种子大小与数量权衡研究 --以新疆大学校园为例
Journal: Ecological Environment and Protection DOI: 10.12238/eep.v8i3.2564
Abstract
种子大小与数量之间的权衡(seed size-number trade-offs)是生态学中的基本原理之一,在理论生态学研究中有着广泛的应用,但是迄今为止实验证据很少。为了验证这一原理,我们以灰绿藜为研究对象,在新疆大学校园内采集79株灰绿藜植株,统计其种子大小与数量,分析种子大小与数量之间的关系及种子大小与数量的性状种内变异大小。结果表明：种子大小与种子数量之间存在着显著的权衡关系(R2=0.14,P<0.01),灰绿藜植株要么产生大量的小种子要么产生少量的大种子。可能原因是学校建设前和绿化后的土壤养分含量没有显著变化,生长在其中的灰绿藜受到养分限制。灰绿藜种子数量的种内变异(CV=1.95)远大于种子大小的种内变异(CV=0.91),表明灰绿藜主要是通过改变种子数量来适应不同的环境条件以最大化的实现繁殖成功和生存延续,进而提高种群的适合度。
Keywords
种子大小；种子数量；权衡；种内变异；灰绿藜
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[3] Leishman MR, Wright IJ, Moles AT, Westoby M (2000) The evolutionary ecology of seed size[J].In. Wallingford: CABI,31-57.
[4] Parciak W(2002a)Environmental variation in seed number, size,and dispersal of a fleshy-fruited plant[J].Ecology83:780-793.
[5] Parciak W (2002b) Seed size, number, and habitat of a fleshy-fruited plant:consequences for seedling establishment [J].Ecology 83:794-808.
[6] Foster SA (1986)On the adaptive value of large seeds for tropical moist forest trees: A review and synthesis[J]. BotRev 52:260-299.
[7] Geritz SAH (1995) Evolutionarily Stable Seed Polymor phism and Small-Scale Spatial Variation in Seedling Density [J].Am Nat 146:685-707.
[8] Baker HG(1972)Seed Weight in Relation to Environmen tal Conditions in California[J].Ecology 53:997-1010.
[9] Venable DL,Lawlor L(1980)Delayed germination and disp ersal in desert annuals:Escape in space and time[J].Oecologia 46:272-282.
[10] Madsen JD(1991) Resource allocation at the individ ual plant level[J].Aquat Bot 41:67-86.
[11] Getz WM(1993) Metaphysiological and evolutionary dynamics of populations exploiting constant and interactive resources:R-K selection revisited[J].Evol Ecol 7:287-305.
[12] Grime JP (1974)Vegetation classification by referen ce to strategies[J].Nature 250:26-31.
[13] Westoby M(1998) A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecol ogy strategy scheme[J].Plant and Soil 199:213-227.
[14] Smith,CC.& Fretwell, SD.(1974).The optimal balance between size and number of offspring[J].The American Natur alist,108(962),499-506.
[15] Ben-Hur E, Kadmon R(2015) An experimental test of the relationship between seed size and competitive ability in annual plants[J].Oikos124:1346-1353.
[16] Noto,A.& Shurin,J.(2015).Population variation affects interactions between two California salt marsh plant species more than precipitation[J].Oecologia,1-8.
[17] Li,H.,Yu,K.,Ratajczak,Z.,Nippert,J.B.,Tondrob,D.,Xu, D.et al.(2016).When variability outperforms the mean: trait plasticity predicts plant cover and biomass in an alpine wetland[J].Plant Soil,1-15.
[18] Leishman MR,Westoby M(1994).The Role of Seed Size in Seedling Establishment in Dry Soil Conditions--Experimental Evidence from Semi-Arid Species[J].J Ecol 82:249.
[19] Parker VT, Ingalls SB(2022)Seed size–seed number trade-offs: influence of seed size on the density of firestimulated persistent soil seed banks[J].American J of Botany 109:486-493.
[20] 蒋刚强,曾幼玲,张富春.灰绿藜的组织培养与快速繁殖[J].植物生理学通讯,2007,43(2):328.
[21] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[22] 汪洋,杜国祯,郭淑青.风毛菊花序、种子大小和数量之间的权衡:资源条件的影响[J].植物生态学报,2009,(4):681-688.
[23] 董全民,赵新全.放牧方式影响高寒草地矮生嵩草种子大小与数量的关系[J].植物生态学报,2022,46(9):1018-1026.
[24] 余梅生,钟雨辰,余世成.片段化生境中木本植物种子大小对幼苗存活的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2021,41(02):47-52.
[25] Messier, Julie McGill, Brian J Lechowicz, Martin J. How do traits vary across ecological scales? A case for trait-basedecology[J].Ecology Letters,2010.
[26] Silvertown J(1989)The paradox of seed size and adaptation[J].Trends Ecol Evol 4:24-26.
[27] Dong B-C,Kleunen M van,Yu F-H(2018)Context-Depend ent Parental Effects on Clonal Offspring Performance[J].Fro nt Plant Sci 9:1824.
[28] 于顺利,陈宏伟,李晖.种子重量的生态学研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2007,(06):989-997.
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