淡水-海洋耦合系统中鲑鱼的生态功能
Journal: Ecological Environment and Protection DOI: 10.12238/eep.v8i3.2557
Abstract
鲑鱼作为典型的溯河洄游性鱼类,其生命周期横跨淡水与海洋生态系统,是研究淡水-海洋耦合系统物质循环与能量传递的典型模式生物。本文系统综述了鲑鱼在跨生态系统尺度上的生态功能及其调控机制,重点关注其在生态系统功能、营养级联效应及跨界生态系统中的关键作用。研究表明,鲑鱼通过溯河产卵行为将海洋来源的氮、磷等营养物质向淡水系统迁移,显著提升河岸带生产力并改变底栖生物群落结构。同时,鲑鱼种群动态通过“自上而下”的捕食调控和“自下而上”的资源供给双重机制,影响河口区浮游生物-鱼类食物网稳定性。当前研究多聚焦于成鱼洄游阶段,对幼鱼降海过程中的行为适应机制及其对海洋食物网的贡献仍存认知空白。本研究为流域-海岸带综合管理提供了理论依据。未来研究亟需构建包含鲑鱼行为可塑性的动态生态系统模型,并加强微塑料、新兴污染物等新型压力因子对营养级联效应的干扰机制解析,这将为全球变化背景下跨界生态系统的韧性管理提供理论支撑。
Keywords
鲑鱼生态功能；淡水-海洋耦合系统；营养传输；跨界生态系统
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