益生菌在牛生产中的研究及应用
Journal: Agricultural Science DOI: 10.12238/as.v8i5.2954
Abstract
牛作为反刍动物依靠瘤胃内超高密度微生物群(如细菌、真菌)高效分解纤维素为挥发性脂肪酸(VFA),实现低质纤维向优质蛋白的转化。肠道菌群易受抗生素、饮食等因素干扰,菌群失调可能引发慢性疾病。益生菌(如双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、酵母菌)可通过调节肠道菌群平衡、抑制病原菌、增强免疫及改善营养吸收,提升反刍动物生产性能。不同的益生菌组合可降低犊牛腹泻率、提高水牛产奶量,并通过竞争性抑制减少沙门氏菌等食源性病原体传播,同时降低甲烷排放。当前,益生菌作为抗生素替代品,在提升饲料效率、优化健康养殖中潜力巨大。未来需结合多组学技术,解析宿主与微生物互作机制,开发精准调控策略,并协同“One Health”理念,平衡畜牧生产、环境安全与人类健康。
Keywords
益生菌；牛生产；瘤胃微生物；禁抗
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