Hydroecological approach for an experimental well field in the Yucatan karst
Journal: Region - Water Conservancy DOI: 10.32629/rwc.v6i1.1238
Abstract
The experimental well field of FIUADY is a system of 50 m and up to 75 m deep wells. It was built with the purpose of confronting and consolidating the hydrological knowledge of groundwater in the karst plain of northern Yucatan. In this context, the objective of this work is to document the historical behavior of some variables of the physical-chemical and biological environment of the aquifer to sketch models of the habitat of the epikarst microbiota in the northern plain of the Yucatan peninsula. Hydrogeological conformation was documented through drilling debris analysis and underwater video recordings in the well. Measurements of temperature, electrical conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen were made in October, November, January, February, March and April of different years. For statistical analyses, data were grouped into two periods: recharge (October and November) and discharge (January-April). The results include a schematic hydrogeological profile and statistical analyses of the variables. The minimum and maximum values observed are: temperature °C (26.64, 29.87), electrical conductivity µS/cm (465,46800), pH (6.14, 8.20) and dissolved oxygen mg/L (0.01, 7. 93). It is concluded that: a) in an area of a few square meters there are important variations in the hydrogeological characteristics; b) the hydrogeological behavior of the wells has to do with karstic horizons; their dimensions, connectivity, distribution, density and the way they influence different hydrological stresses; finally c) the presence of crustaceans in the wells and "anomalies" in the concentration of oxygen may have an explanation in biogeochemical processes of dark ecosystems.
Keywords
Karst environment; dark habitat; Karst Plateau plain; Yucatan aquifer
Funding
The Academic Institution Support and Consolidation Program of Yucatan Autonomous University for Postgraduates, Research and Liaison General Coordination, the members of the hydraulics and hydrology academic institutions of the School of Engineering
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[2] Bauer-Gottwein P., B. R. N. Gondwe, G. Charvet, L. E. Marín, M. Rebolledo-Vieyra, G. Merediz- Alonso. 2011. Review: The Yucatán Peninsula karst aquifer, Mexico. Hydrogeology Journal 19: 507-524.
[3] Cervantes-Martínez, A., Elías-Gutiéerrez, M. y Suárez.Morales, E. 2002. Limnological and morphometrical data of eight karstic systems "cenotes" of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, during the dry season (February-May, 2001). Hydrobiologia 482: 167-177.
[4] Engel A.S. 2007. Observations on the Biodiversity of Sulfidic Karst Habitats. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies V. 69, no. 1, p. 187-206.
[5] Escobar-Briones, E., M. E. Camacho, and J. Alcocer. 1997. Calliasmata nohochi, new species (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae), from anchialine cave systems in continental Quintana Roo, Mexico. J. Crust. Bio.17(4):733-744.
[6] Ettwing K.F., Speth D. R., Reimann J., Wu M.L., Jetten M.S.M and J. T. Keltjens. 2012. Bacterial oxygen production in the dark. Hypothesis and theory article. Hypothesis and Theory ARTICLE.
[7] Graniel-Castro E. y González-Hita 2002. Deterioro de la calidad del agua subterránea por el desarrollo poblacional Cancún Q.Roo. Ingeniería 6 (3): 41-53.
[8] Gutiérrez-Díaz S. 2011. Estudio del coeficiente de dispersión en el acuífero cárstico de porosidad dual de Yucatán. Tesis de Maestría. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Mérida, México.
[9] Heise L. 2013. Dynamics of the coastal karst aquifer in northern Yucatán peninsula. Thesis To Obtain The Degree Of Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales Degree Awarded By Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí And Master Of Science Technology And Resources Management In The Tropics And Subtropics In The Specialization: Resources Management Degree Awarded By Cologne University of Applied Sciences.
[10] Herrera-Silveira J., Medina-Gomez I. & R. Colli. 2002. Trophic status based on nutrient concentration scales and primary producers community of tropical coastal lagoons influenced by groundwater discharges. Hydrobiologia 475/476: 91-98.
[11] Hildebrand, A.R., Pilkington, M., Connors, M., Ortiz-Aleman, C., Chavez, R.E., 1995. Size and structure of the Chicxulub crater revealed by horizontal gravity gradients and cenotes. Nature 376, 415-417.
[12] Hodell D.A., Brenner M.,Curtis J.H., Medina-González R., Chan-Can E.I., Albornaz-Pat A. and T.P. Guilderson. 2005. Climate change on the Yucatan Peninsula during the Little Ice Age. Quaternary Research 63: 109-121.
[13] Kornicker, L. S.; Iliffe, T.M. (1992). Ostracoda (Halocypridina, Cladocopina) from anchialine caves in Jamaica, West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 530, 1-22., available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.530.
[14] Moore A. 2014. Characterization of the Native Microbial Communities in the Karst Aquifer of Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS.
[15] Okafor N. 2011. Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York.
[16] Pacheco, J., & Cabrera, A. 1997. Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Hydrogeology Journal 5, 47-53.
[17] Pacheco, A., Cabrera, J. A., & Marin, L. E. 2000. Bacteriological contamination assessment in the karstic aquifer of Yucatan, Mexico. Geofísica Internacional 39, 285-291.
[18] Pacheco, A., Cabrera, J. A., & Marin, L. E. 2001. Nitrate temporal and spatial patterns in twelve water supply wells, Yucatan, Mexico. Environmental Geology 40, 708-715.
[19] Pérez L., Bugja R., Lorenschat J., Brenner M., Curtis J., Hoelzmann P., Islebe G., Scharf B. and A. Schwalb. 2011. Aquatic ecosystems of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), Belize, and Guatemala. Hydrobiologia 661:407-433.
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[21] Perry, E.C., Marin, L.E., McClain, J., Velazquez, G., 1995. The ring of cenotes (sinkholes) northwest Yucatan, Mexico: its hydrogeologic characteristics and association with the Chicxulub impact crater. Geology 23, 17-20.
[22] Plach, J.M., Elliott, A.V.C., Droppo, I.G., Warren, L.A., 2011. Physical and ecological controls on freshwater floc trace metal dynamics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (6), 2157-2164.
[23] Por F.D. 2008. Deuterobiosphere the Chemosynthetic Second Biosphere of the Globe. A First Review. Integrative. Zoology 3: 101-114.
[24] Pope, K.O., Ocampo, A.C., Kinsland, G.L., Smith, R., 1996. Surface expression of the Chicxulub crater. Geology 24, 527-530.
[25] Pronk M., Goldscheider N., and J. Zopfi. 2009. Microbial communities in karst groundwater and their potential use for biomonitoring. Hydrogeology Journal 17: 37-48.
[26] Sánchez y Pinto I., González-Herrera R. y E. Perry. 2005. Hidrodinamic behavior of the yucatan aquifer. A perspective on the hydraulic conductivity estimation. Espeleo@digital 2 Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Pág. 8-20.
[27] Schmitter-Soto J.J., Comín F.A., Escobar-Briones E., Herrera-Silveira J., Alcocer J., Suárez- Morales E., Elías-Gutiérrez M., Díaz-Arce V., Maín L.E. and B. Steinch. 2002. Hydrogeochemical and biological characteristics of cenotes in the Yucatan Peninsula (SE Mexico). Hydrobiologia 2002;467:215-28.
[28] Staehr, P.A., Testa, J.M., Kemp, W.M., Cole, J.J., Sand-Jensen, K., Smith, S.V., 2012. The metabolism of aquatic ecosysteµS: history, applications, and future challenges. Aquatic Sciences 74, 15-29.
[29] Xuluc-Tolosa F.J., Vester H.F.M., Ramırez-Marcial N., Castellanos-Albores N., and D. Lawrence. 2003. Leaf litter decomposition of tree species in three successional phases of tropical dry secondary forest in Campeche, Mexico. Forest Ecology and Management 174 (2003) 401-412.
[30] Vargas-Ramos R. 2007. Carbon Dynamics in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest. A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Environmental Sciences. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE USA.
[31] Zetina-Moguel C., R. Medina-González, I. Sánchez-Molina, L. Chumba-Segura y J. Alonzo- Salomón. 2007. Hacia una Perspectiva Para Definir Criterios de Salud de los Cenotes de Yucatán. Memorias del Primer Encuentro de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica del Sistema Hidrológico de Yucatán 1:23. Mérida.
[32] Hernández-Terrones L., Rebolledo-Vieyra M., Merino-Ibarra M., Soto M, Le-Cossec A. y E. Monroy-Ríos. 2011. Groundwater Pollution in a Karstic Region (NE Yucatan): Baseline Nutrient Content and Flux to Coastal Ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollution 218:517-528.
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