Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v5i1.1804

Yiqi Zhang1, Ying Li2

1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
2. The First Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant complication of diabetes. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can exacerbate the risk and worsen the prognosis of DFU, leading to a substantial economic burden on both individuals and society. There may be a relationship between CKD and DFU. This review primarily explores the potential mechanisms underlying the occurrence of DFU in CKD patients, aiming to provide a foundation and guidance for subsequent clinical treatment and management.

Keywords

hemodialysis, type 2 diabetes, diabetic foot ulcer

References

[1]Hicks C W, Canner J K, Mathioudakis N, et al. Incidence and risk factors associated with ulcer recurrence among patients with diabetic foot ulcers treated in a multidisciplinary setting[J]. Journal of Surgical Research, 2020, 246: 243-250.
[2]Rodrigues B T, Vangaveti V N, Urkude R, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of lower limb amputations in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: clinical research & reviews, 2022, 16(2): 102397.
[3]Chen L, Sun S, Gao Y, et al. Global mortality of diabetic foot ulcer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies[J]. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2023, 25(1): 36-45.
[4]He Y, Qian H, Xu L, et al. Association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a 3-year follow-up study[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2017, 177(1): 41-50.
[5]Game F L, Chipchase S Y, Hubbard R, et al. Temporal association between the incidence of foot ulceration and the start of dialysis in diabetes mellitus[J]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006, 21(11): 3207-3210.
[6]Ndip A, Rutter M K, Vileikyte L, et al. Dialysis treatment is an independent risk factor for foot ulceration in patients with diabetes and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease[J]. Diabetes care, 2010, 33(8): 1811-1816.
[7]Salim M. Clinical outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease hospitalized with diabetic foot disorders: a nationwide retrospective study[J]. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, 2021, 4(3): e00277.
[8]Brekelmans W, Borger van der Burg BLS, Vroom MA, Kreuger MJ, Schrander van der Meer AM, Hoencamp R. Prevalence of foot ulcers in dialysis-dependent patients. Wound Repair Regen. 2019;27(6):687-692.
[9]Lin Y C, Chang Y H, Yang S Y, et al. Update of pathophysiology and management of diabetic kidney disease[J]. Journal of the formosan Medical Association, 2018, 117(8): 662-675.
[10]Barutta F, Bellini S, Gruden G. Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy[J]. Clinical Science, 2022, 136(7): 493-520.
[11]Rabbani N, Thornalley P J. Advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease[J]. Kidney international, 2018, 93(4): 803-813.
[12]Yang J, Huang J, Wei S, et al. Urine Albumin-Creatinine ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis[J]. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2021, 180: 109043.
[13]Hong X, Huang L, Zhang Y, et al. Stronger association of albuminuria with the risk of vascular complications than estimated glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetes[J]. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, 2021, 46(5): 550-562.
[14]Jiang W, Chen M, Huang J, et al. Proteinuria is independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis: a multicentric study[J]. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2021, 21: 1-10.
[15]Barrett E J, Liu Z, Khamaisi M, et al. Diabetic microvascular disease: an endocrine society scientific statement[J]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2017, 102(12): 4343-4410.
[16]Ndip A, Lavery L A, Boulton A J M. Diabetic foot disease in people with advanced nephropathy and those on renal dialysis[J]. Current diabetes reports, 2010, 10: 283-290.
[17]Bandyk DF. The diabetic foot: Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. Semin Vasc Surg. 2018;31:43–48.
[18]Baumgaertel M W, Kraemer M, Berlit P. Neurologic complications of acute and chronic renal disease[J]. Handbook of clinical neurology, 2014, 119: 383-393.
[19]Pieniazek A, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J, Gwozdzinski L. Uremic toxins and their relation with oxidative stress induced in patients with CKD[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(12): 6196.
[20]Kiernan M C, Walters R J L, Andersen K V, et al. Nerve excitability changes in chronic renal failure indicate membrane depolarization due to hyperkalaemia[J]. Brain, 2002, 125(6): 1366-1378.
[21]Kaminski M R, Raspovic A, McMahon L P, et al. Risk factors for foot ulceration and lower extremity amputation in adults with end-stage renal disease on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2015, 30(10): 1747-1766.
[22]Ghaderian S B, Hayati F, Shayanpour S, et al. Diabetes and end-stage renal disease; a review article on new concepts[J]. Journal of renal injury prevention, 2015, 4(2): 28.
[23]Cohen G. Immune dysfunction in uremia 2020[J]. Toxins, 2020, 12(7): 439.
[24]Naqvi S B, Collins A J. Infectious complications in chronic kidney disease[J]. Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2006, 13(3): 199-204.
[25]Knauf F, Brewer J R, Flavell R A. Immunity, microbiota and kidney disease[J]. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 2019, 15(5): 263-274.
[26]Thaiss C A, Levy M, Grosheva I, et al. Hyperglycemia drives intestinal barrier dysfunction and risk for enteric infection[J]. Science, 2018, 359(6382): 1376-1383.
[27]Rhee J J, Zheng Y, Liu S, et al. Glycemic control and infections among US hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Kidney International Reports, 2020, 5(7): 1014-1025.
[28]Ling J, Ng J K C, Chan J C N, et al. Use of continuous glucose monitoring in the assessment and management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease[J]. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022, 13: 869899.
[29]Deng L, Du C, Song P, et al. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic wound healing[J]. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2021, 2021.
[30]Rouland A, Fourmont C, Sberna A L, et al. Malnutrition in type 2 diabetic patients does not affect healing of foot ulcers[J]. Acta diabetologica, 2019, 56: 171-176.
[31]Zha Y, Qian Q. Protein Nutrition and Malnutrition in CKD and ESRD. Nutrients. 2017 Feb 27;9(3):208.
[32]Bechara N, Gunton JE, Flood V, Hng TM, McGloin C. Associations between Nutrients and Foot Ulceration in Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 27;13(8):2576.
[33]Pernat A M, Peršič V, Usvyat L, et al. Implementation of routine foot check in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis: associations with outcomes[J]. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 2016, 4(1): e000158.
[34]Chin Y F, Huang T T, Hsu B R S, et al. Factors associated with foot ulcer self‐management behaviours among hospitalised patients with diabetes[J]. Journal of clinical nursing, 2019, 28(11-12): 2253-2264.
[35]Otobe Y, Hiraki K, Hotta C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment in older adults with pre‐dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease: Prevalence and association with physical function[J]. Nephrology, 2019, 24(1): 50-55.
[36]Zhao Y, Song P, Zhang H, et al. Relationship between physical performance and mild cognitive impairment in elderly hemodialysis patients is modified by the presence of diabetes: A multicenter cross-sectional study[J]. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022, 13: 897728.
[37]Drew D A, Weiner D E, Sarnak M J. Cognitive impairment in CKD: pathophysiology, management, and prevention[J]. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2019, 74(6): 782-790.
[38]Huang C W, Wee P H, Low L L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for elevated anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. General hospital psychiatry, 2021, 69: 27-40.

Copyright © 2024 Yiqi Zhang, Ying Li

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License