The expression and clinical significance of Hook1 in colorectal cancer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Medicine Research DOI: 10.32629/jcmr.v3i3.947
Abstract
Purpose — Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies around the world. Early diagnosis of colon cancer is still a difficult problem for clinicians. This study aimed to determine the expression of Hook1 in colon cancer and evaluate its clinical role. Methods — Real-time Quantitative PCR was performed to characterize the difference of Hook1 mRNA expression between colon cancer specimens and normal colon specimens. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the Hook1 expression in colon cancer tissue. Analyses of correlation between Hook1 level and clinicopathologic features and prognosis were also performed. Results — In total, 70 pair of surgical samples of patients with colorectal cancer were collected. And 70 patients were received postoperative following-up with the median follow-up being 38 months. Enhanced Hook1 mRNA levels were observed in colorectal cancer tissues (1.49%) compared to normal tissues (0.76%). IHC also revealed significantly higher rates of Hook1 expression amongst 58 cases in colon cancer tissues versus normal colon. Higher Hook1 protein levels were associated with better differentiation degree and easier likelihood of lymph node metastasis. Patients with relatively lower Hook1 level survived extended period without disease progression. And age, distant metastasis, TNM stage and Hook1 protein expression were marginally identified as poor prognosis indicator. Conclusion — Hook1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues, which correlate to well differentiated degree and lymph node metastasis tendency of colorectal cancer and potentially identified as a poor prognosis predictor.
Keywords
Hook1, colorectal cancer, tumor biomarkers, differentiated degree, lymph node metastasis, prognosis
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[3]Panteleimonitis S, Pickering O, Ahmad M et al. Robotic rectal cancer surgery: Results from a European multicentre case series of 240 resections and comparative analysis between cases performed with the da Vinci Si and Xi systems. Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2020; 3: 6-11.
[4]Yan Z, Ohuchida K, Fei S et al. Inhibition of ERK1/2 in cancer-associated pancreatic stellate cells suppresses cancer-stromal interaction and metastasis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38: 221.
[5]Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Toden S et al. Clinical significance of SNORA42 as an oncogene and a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66: 107-117.
[6]Du F, Qiao C, Li X et al. Forkhead box K2 promotes human colorectal cancer metastasis by upregulating ZEB1 and EGFR. Theranostics 2019; 9: 3879-3902.
[7]Chen WQ, Zheng RS, Zhang SW et al. Report of incidence and mortality in china cancer registries, 2008. Chin J Cancer Res 2012; 24: 171-180.
[8]Guo P, Huang ZL, Yu P, Li K. Trends in cancer mortality in China: an update. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 2755-2762.
[9]Hur K, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y et al. Circulating microRNA-203 predicts prognosis and metastasis in human colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66: 654-665.
[10]Jackstadt R, van Hooff SR, Leach JD et al. Epithelial NOTCH Signaling Rewires the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer to Drive Poor-Prognosis Subtypes and Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2019; 36: 319-336 e317.
[11]Loktionov A, Soubieres A, Bandaletova T et al. Colorectal cancer detection by biomarker quantification in noninvasively collected colorectal mucus: preliminary comparison of 24 protein biomarkers. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31: 1220-1227.
[12]Bretthauer M. Colorectal cancer screening. J Intern Med 2011; 270: 87-98.
[13]Vatandoost N, Ghanbari J, Mojaver M et al. Early detection of colorectal cancer: from conventional methods to novel biomarkers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142: 341-351.
[14]Wada Y, Shimada M, Murano T et al. A Liquid Biopsy Assay for Noninvasive Identification of Lymph Node Metastases in T1 Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161: 151-162 e151.
[15]Mohr OL. The second chromosome recessive hook bristles in Drosophila melanogaster. Hereditas 1927; 9: 169-179.
[16]Kramer H, Phistry M. Genetic analysis of hook, a gene required for endocytic trafficking in drosophila. Genetics 1999; 151: 675-684.
[17]Maldonado-Baez L, Cole NB, Kramer H, Donaldson JG. Microtubule-dependent endosomal sorting of clathrin-independent cargo by Hook1. J Cell Biol 2013; 201: 233-247.
[18]Hall A. The cytoskeleton and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2009; 28: 5-14.
[19]Li S, Wang L, Zhao Q et al. SHP2 positively regulates TGFbeta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulated by its novel interacting protein Hook1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289: 34152-34160.
[20]Sun X, Zhang Q, Chen W et al. Hook1 inhibits malignancy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39: 1010428317711098.
[21]Cao J, Huang YQ, Jiao S et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SHP2 and Hook1 expression in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 81: 105-112.
[22]Hohenberger P, Schlag PM, Gerneth T, Herfarth C. Pre- and postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen determinations in hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Predictive value and implications for adjuvant treatment based on multivariate analysis. Ann Surg 1994; 219: 135-143.
[23]Yang H, He L, Zhang Y et al. The clinicopathological and prognostic implications of tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and ankyrin Hook1 gene expression in non- small cell lung cancer patients treated with gemcitabine plus platinum as first-line chemotherapy. Ann Palliat Med 2020; 9: 2943-2952.
[24]Morganti S, Tarantino P, Ferraro E et al. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS): A Revolutionary Technology in Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine in Cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1168: 9-30.
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