微塑料对海洋环境的影响及对策研究
Journal: Ecological Environment and Protection DOI: 10.12238/eep.v4i5.1457
Abstract
近年来,海洋微塑料污染作为海上垃圾污染的重要组成部分,被联合国环境署列为全球十大新兴环境问题之一。微塑料的粒径范围从几微米到几毫米,肉眼往往难以分辨,被形象地称为“海中的PM2.5”,其颗粒直径越小,比表面积越大,吸附的污染物的能力越强,对于环境的危害程度更深。本文在前人研究的基础上进行归纳、分析和总结,同时结合在该领域的实际工作,阐明了微塑料来源和迁移转化的途径,分析了我国各个海域以及港台地区微塑料的分布现状,从海洋微塑料的吸附性能、在生物体内富集、威胁海洋生态环境健康等方面,详细阐述了微塑料对海洋环境的危害,并基于国内外对海洋微塑料的防治形式,提出了针对性的对策措施和建议。
Keywords
微塑料；海洋环境；危害影响；防治对策
Funding
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFC1407600)。
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[3] Crawford C B,Quinn B.Microplast ics, standardisation and spatial distri bution[J].Microplastic Polluant.2017,101-130.
[4] 刘沙沙.微塑料的环境行为及其生态毒性研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(05):957-969.
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[6] Li Q,Sun X.Progress on microplas tics research in the Yellow Sea,China 1[J].Anthropocene Coasts,2020,3(1):43-52.
[7] Ryan P G,Moore C J,Van Franeker J A,et al. Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environme nt[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,20 09,364(1526):1999-2012.
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[11] KUNZ,ALEXANDER,WALTHER,BRUNO A.,LOWEMARK,LUDVIG,et al.Distribution and quantity of microplastic on sandy beaches along the northern coast of Taiwan[J]. Marine pollution bulletin,20 16,111(1/2):126-135.
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[13] Zhao S,Zhu L,Li D.Microplastic in three urban estuaries,China[J].Envi ronmentalPollution,2015,206(NOV.):597-604.
[14] Zhu L , Bai H , Chen B , et al. Microplastic pollution in North Yellow Sea, China: Observations on occurrence, distribution and identification[J]. Science of The Total Environment,201 8,636:20-29.
[15] Zhang W,Zhang S,Wang J,et al.Microplastic pollution in the surfacewaters of the Bohai Sea,China[J].Environmentalpollution(Barking,Essex:1987),2017,231:541.
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[22] Guo X,Wang J.The chemical beha viors of microplastics in marine envir onment:A review[J].Marine Pollution Bu lletin,2019,142:1-14.
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[26] Wang F,Shih K M,Li X Y.The partition behavior of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)and perfluorooctanesulfonamide(FOSA)onmicroplastics[J].Chemosphere,2015, 119:841-847.
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[32] Besseling E,Wegner A,Foekema E M,et al.Effects of Microplastic on Fitness and PCB Bioaccumulation by the Lugworm Arenicola marina(L).[J].Enviro nmental Science & Technology,2013,47:593-600.
[33] Cole M,Lindeque P,Fileman E,et al.Microplastic ingestion by zooplank ton. Environmental Science & technolo gy,2013,47(12):6646-6655.
[34] Tanaka K,Taka Da H, Yamashita R,et al. Accumulation of plastic-deriv ed chemicals in tissues of seabirds ingesting marine plastics[J]. Marine PollutionBulletin,2013,69(1-2):219-222.
[35] Ugolini A,Ungherese G,Ciofini M,et al.Microplastic debris in sandhopp ers[J]. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,129(3):19-22.
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[38] 夏斌,杜雨珊,赵信国,等.微塑料在海洋渔业水域中的污染现状及其生物效应研究进展[J].渔业科学进展,2019,40(3):178-190.
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[45] 孙晓霞,郑珊,李庆洁,等.山东省重点行业海洋微塑料污染防控对策研究[R].2020.08
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